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Physical Science > CH 27 > Flashcards

CH 27 Flashcards

1
Q

is the process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of material on Earths surface.

A

weathering

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2
Q

is a mixture of weathered rock,organic matter,water, and air that is capable of supporting plant life

A

soil

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3
Q

is the removal of surface material through the process of weathering

A

erosion

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4
Q

as rocks weather, erosional agents like water,ice,wind,and gravity moved eroded materials from one place to another in a process

A

sediment transport

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5
Q

the land area that gathers water for a major river

A

drainage basin

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6
Q

the movement of water parallel to the shoreline

A

long shore current

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7
Q

when the erosional agent slows down or melts, it drops this sediment load process

A

deposition

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8
Q

what is weathering

A

the break down of materials on earths surface

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9
Q

do rocks weather at the same rate

A

rock formation weather at different rates(rock type or landscape)

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10
Q

what are the two main factors that determine how fast rock will weather

A

rock type and landscape

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11
Q

what are the two types of weathering

A

mechanical and chemical weathering

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12
Q

what type of change happens with mechanical weathering

A

physical changes

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13
Q

what type of change happens with chemical weathering

A

chemical changes

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14
Q

what are 3 specific types of mechanical weathering

A

frost wedging, biological activity, collisions

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15
Q

what causes frost wedging

A

when water collects in the cracks of rocks and freezes

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16
Q

what is the cycle called during frost wedging

A

freeze thaw cycles

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17
Q

what causes biological activity

A

plant and animal activity

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18
Q

what causes weathering during collisions

A

when rocks fall from a cliff or tumble through turbulent rivers

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19
Q

what is soil

A

is a mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, water, and air that is capable if supporting life

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20
Q

what is parent material

A

material which soil forms from

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21
Q

what are soil horizons

A

are the different layers of soil

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22
Q

how many soil horizons are there

A

6 different horizons

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23
Q

(true/false)all soils contain every soil horizons

A

false

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24
Q

what are the specific soil horizons

A

O, A, E, B, C, R

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25
Q

what does the first soil horizons contain

A

organic material

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26
Q

what is the second horizon mostly made up of

A

mostly minerals

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27
Q

which layer does leaching occur

A

E horizon

28
Q

which horizon collects materials from previous horizons

A

B horizon

29
Q

which layer is partially weathered bedrock

A

C horizon

30
Q

which layer is unweathered bedrock

A

R horizon

31
Q

which soil horizons make up the top soil

A

A and O horizons

32
Q

which soil horizons make up the sub soil

A

E and B horizons

33
Q

which horizons make up the true soil

A

O, A, E, B horizons

34
Q

what is the difference between weathering and erosion

A

weathering the breakdown of materials

erosion is the removal of material

35
Q

(true/false)as the slope of a river decreases, the rivers speed decreases

A

true

36
Q

what are small streams that flow into larger rivers called

A

tributaries

37
Q

what is a land area that gathers water for a major river is called

A

drainage basin

38
Q

what is a boundary that separates distinct drainage basins is called a

A

drainage divide

39
Q

as water flows downhill under the influence of gravity, water erodes earths surface creating what

A

channels

40
Q

young rivers are ___ due to fast movement

A

V-Shaped

41
Q

____rivers are wide with smooth and gentle slopes

A

mature

42
Q

when rivers flood and drop their sediment load what is that land form called

A

floodplains

43
Q

what are fan shaped sediment deposit that will form at the mouth of the river

A

deltas

44
Q

what are the branching channels created by deltas

A

tributaries

45
Q

what is it called where a mouth of a river or a stream enters a dry land

A

alluvial fans

46
Q

what are the two types of glaciers

A

valley,and continental glaciers

47
Q

where can each glaciers be found

A

valley: high mountainous regions
continental: ice sheets that occupy large land areas in colder climates

48
Q

where are the two continental glaciers

A

Greenland, Antarctica

49
Q

what is a cirque

A

bowl shaped basins

50
Q

what is an Arete

A

form where 2 adjacent valley glaciers meet and erode a long sharp ridge line

51
Q

what is a horn

A

sharpened peaks

52
Q

what do tributary glaciers create

A

hanging vallies

53
Q

what are tributary glaciers

A

small glaciers that feed into large glaciers

54
Q

what shape of valleys do valley glaciers create

A

U shape valleys 9098

55
Q

which side of a dune does erosion occur

A

the windward side

56
Q

which side does deposition occur

A

the leeward side

57
Q

what is deflation

A

the removal of small particles by wind, leaving heavier particles behind

58
Q

what is desert pavement

A

when small particles are removed, the remaining surface

59
Q

what does the shape and size of land forms depend on due to wind

A

wind speed, amount of time the wind blows, sediment supply

60
Q

what are three land forms created by erosion

A

sea stacks, sea arches , coastal cliffs

60
Q

what are three land forms created by erosion

A

sea stacks, sea arches , coastal cliffs

61
Q

what are two examples of wave deposition

A

sand bars, sand spits

62
Q

what is a sand bar

A

land forms that are parallel to the shoreline

63
Q

what is a sand spit

A

sand bars that extend into the water from land and curve back toward land in a hook shape

64
Q

what is mass wasting caused by

A

snow, heavy rains, earthquakes, and human activity

65
Q

what are some examples of mass wasting

A

rock slides, mud flows, landslides

Physical Science (12 decks)

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