CH 27 Flashcards
is the process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of material on Earths surface.
weathering
is a mixture of weathered rock,organic matter,water, and air that is capable of supporting plant life
soil
is the removal of surface material through the process of weathering
erosion
as rocks weather, erosional agents like water,ice,wind,and gravity moved eroded materials from one place to another in a process
sediment transport
the land area that gathers water for a major river
drainage basin
the movement of water parallel to the shoreline
long shore current
when the erosional agent slows down or melts, it drops this sediment load process
deposition
what is weathering
the break down of materials on earths surface
do rocks weather at the same rate
rock formation weather at different rates(rock type or landscape)
what are the two main factors that determine how fast rock will weather
rock type and landscape
what are the two types of weathering
mechanical and chemical weathering
what type of change happens with mechanical weathering
physical changes
what type of change happens with chemical weathering
chemical changes
what are 3 specific types of mechanical weathering
frost wedging, biological activity, collisions
what causes frost wedging
when water collects in the cracks of rocks and freezes
what is the cycle called during frost wedging
freeze thaw cycles
what causes biological activity
plant and animal activity
what causes weathering during collisions
when rocks fall from a cliff or tumble through turbulent rivers
what is soil
is a mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, water, and air that is capable if supporting life
what is parent material
material which soil forms from
what are soil horizons
are the different layers of soil
how many soil horizons are there
6 different horizons
(true/false)all soils contain every soil horizons
false
what are the specific soil horizons
O, A, E, B, C, R
what does the first soil horizons contain
organic material
what is the second horizon mostly made up of
mostly minerals
which layer does leaching occur
E horizon
which horizon collects materials from previous horizons
B horizon
which layer is partially weathered bedrock
C horizon
which layer is unweathered bedrock
R horizon
which soil horizons make up the top soil
A and O horizons
which soil horizons make up the sub soil
E and B horizons
which horizons make up the true soil
O, A, E, B horizons
what is the difference between weathering and erosion
weathering the breakdown of materials
erosion is the removal of material
(true/false)as the slope of a river decreases, the rivers speed decreases
true
what are small streams that flow into larger rivers called
tributaries
what is a land area that gathers water for a major river is called
drainage basin
what is a boundary that separates distinct drainage basins is called a
drainage divide
as water flows downhill under the influence of gravity, water erodes earths surface creating what
channels
young rivers are ___ due to fast movement
V-Shaped
____rivers are wide with smooth and gentle slopes
mature
when rivers flood and drop their sediment load what is that land form called
floodplains
what are fan shaped sediment deposit that will form at the mouth of the river
deltas
what are the branching channels created by deltas
tributaries
what is it called where a mouth of a river or a stream enters a dry land
alluvial fans
what are the two types of glaciers
valley,and continental glaciers
where can each glaciers be found
valley: high mountainous regions
continental: ice sheets that occupy large land areas in colder climates
where are the two continental glaciers
Greenland, Antarctica
what is a cirque
bowl shaped basins
what is an Arete
form where 2 adjacent valley glaciers meet and erode a long sharp ridge line
what is a horn
sharpened peaks
what do tributary glaciers create
hanging vallies
what are tributary glaciers
small glaciers that feed into large glaciers
what shape of valleys do valley glaciers create
U shape valleys 9098
which side of a dune does erosion occur
the windward side
which side does deposition occur
the leeward side
what is deflation
the removal of small particles by wind, leaving heavier particles behind
what is desert pavement
when small particles are removed, the remaining surface
what does the shape and size of land forms depend on due to wind
wind speed, amount of time the wind blows, sediment supply
what are three land forms created by erosion
sea stacks, sea arches , coastal cliffs
what are three land forms created by erosion
sea stacks, sea arches , coastal cliffs
what are two examples of wave deposition
sand bars, sand spits
what is a sand bar
land forms that are parallel to the shoreline
what is a sand spit
sand bars that extend into the water from land and curve back toward land in a hook shape
what is mass wasting caused by
snow, heavy rains, earthquakes, and human activity
what are some examples of mass wasting
rock slides, mud flows, landslides
