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Physical Science > CH 25 > Flashcards

CH 25 Flashcards

1
Q

a system of mountain ranges on the sea floor separated by valleys

A

Mid-ocean ridge

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2
Q

a long narrow depression

A

rift valley

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3
Q

the boundary where two plates collide

A

convergent plate boundary

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4
Q

when the thick and buoyant continental plate meets a thin and dense oceanic plate the denser plate dives beneath the continent in the process is called

A

subduction

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5
Q

the boundary between two plates that are moving apart

A

divergent plate boundary

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6
Q

this type of boundary where plates slide horizontally past each other in opposite direction

A

transform plate boundary

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7
Q

is the sudden movement or vibration of the ground that occurs when rocks slip and slide along enormous cracks in Earth’s crust called faults

A

earthquake

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8
Q

is a crack in Earth’s crust along which rock moves

A

faults

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9
Q

this sudden release of strain energy as rock moves along a fault

A

elastic rebound

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10
Q

the point of origin for an earthquake

A

focus

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11
Q

the point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus

A

epicenter

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12
Q

who came up with the continental drift hypothesis

A

Alfredo Wegener

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13
Q

what are some evidence for the continental drift hypothesis?

A
  1. the continents matched up like puzzle pieces
  2. mountain ranges had the same rock type
  3. fossils of big animals were found
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14
Q

what was the super-continent called

A

Pangaea

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15
Q

who came up with the seafloor spreading hypothesis

A

Harry Hess

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16
Q

how did Harry Hess discover seafloor spreading

A

he used sonar

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17
Q

who discovered the MOR

A

Harry Hess

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18
Q

where is younger rock formed in the MOR

A

closer to the MOR

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19
Q

what are the 3 plate boundaries

A

divergent plate boundary
convergent plate boundary
transform plate boundary

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20
Q

how do convergent plate boundaries move

A

they collide together

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21
Q

subduction only happens with which type of plate boundary

A

convergent

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22
Q

what types of crust do we have

A

continental crust

oceanic crust

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23
Q

what type of crust has to be present for volcanic activity

A

oceanic crust

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24
Q

if two continental plates collide what will occur

A

a mountain will form

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25
Q

if oceanic and continental crust converge what will form

A

a deep sea trench or volcanoes

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26
Q

what can be created when two oceanic plates come together

A

an volcanic island and deep sea trench

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27
Q

what do hot spots create

A

volcanic islands

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28
Q

how do divergent boundaries move

A

they move away from each other

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29
Q

what are examples of a divergent plate boundaries

A

MOR(only oceanic crust) and East African Rift(only continental crust)

30
Q

how do transform plate boundaries move

A

they move past each other

31
Q

what is an example of a transform plate boundaries

A

San Andreas Fault

32
Q

what types of crust are involved with transform plate boundaries

A

only continental

33
Q

what is a convection current

A
  1. Magma heats up, become less dense,and rises

2. Magma cools, becomes more dense, and sinks

34
Q

what is a fault

A

a crack in earth’s surface

35
Q

which plate boundaries have shallow earthquakes

A

divergent and transform plate boundaries

36
Q

which plate boundary has deeper earthquakes

A

convergent plate boundary

37
Q

what are the four types of stress applied to rock

A

compression, tension, shear, and torsion stress

38
Q

what are the two types of deformation

A

elastic and plastic deformation

39
Q

what happens during plastic deformation

A

when the stress is removed it returns to it original shape

40
Q

what happens to during plastic deformation

A

when stress is removed it remains in that new shape

41
Q

what are the two types of body waves

A

primary waves, and secondary waves

42
Q

how many seismic waves are there

A

three types: Primary, Secondary, Surface waves

43
Q

what type of wave is a primary wave

A

a compression wave

44
Q

which body wave moves the fastest

A

primary waves

45
Q

what type of materials do P-waves travel through

A

solids and liquids

46
Q

what type of wave is a secondary wave

A

transverse

47
Q

what type of materials do S-waves travel through

A

only solids

48
Q

what type of wave does the most damage

A

surface waves

49
Q

what are the two scales to measure scales

A

Richter scale, Mercalli scale

50
Q

what does the Richter scale measure

A

the amount of energy released

51
Q

what does the Mercalli scale measure

A

the amount of damage

52
Q

is the measure of a fluids resistance to flow

A

viscosity

53
Q

is the chemical compound silicon dioxide,SiO2, which is a common ingredient in most magma

A

silica

54
Q

tend to be small, have heights in the hundreds of meters range , and have short eruption cycles

A

cinder cone volcanoes

55
Q

are broad, flat structures composed of layer upon layer of lava flows

A

shield volcanoes

56
Q

are large and steep sided, often thousands of meters high and tens of kilometers across the base and composed if layers of both lava lava and ash

A

composite volcanoes

57
Q

what is molten, or liquid, rocks stored inside earth called

A

magma

58
Q

where is the ring of fire located

A

the Pacific Ocean

59
Q

what forms when tectonic plates collide along a subduction zones

A

volcanoes

60
Q

which two specific locations can volcanic activity occur due to divergences

A

Mid Atlantic Ridge and East African RIft Valley

61
Q

are hot spots stationary

A

yes, they are in a set location

62
Q

what are created from hot spots

A

volcanic islands (Hawaii)

63
Q

if a liquid has a higher viscosity is it going to run faster or slower

A

slower

64
Q

do magma that have higher viscosity does it have more or less silica

A

more the higher the viscosity the more silica and less silica the less viscosity

65
Q

what is pyroclastic material

A

the solid material from a volcano

66
Q

what is the smallest ptroclastic material

A

ash

67
Q

what are the largest types of pyroclastic material

A

blocks and bombs

68
Q

what are the types of gasses that come from a volcano

A

water vapor, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide

69
Q

how are volcanoes classified

A

size, shape,and the materials that erupt

70
Q

what are the 3 types of volcanoes

A

shield, composite and cinder cone

Physical Science (12 decks)

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