CH 26

Question 1

Weimar Republic

Answer 1

German government from 1919 to 1933. It is so called because the assembly that adopted its constitution met at Weimar from February 6 to August 11, 1919. On February 11, the assembly elected Friedrich Ebert president of the Reich.

Question 2

Isolationism

Answer 2

political philosophy advocating a national foreign policy that opposes involvement in the political affairs, and especially the wars, of other countries. Thus, isolationism fundamentally advocates neutrality and opposes entanglement in military alliances and mutual defense pacts.

Question 3

Nazi Germany

Answer 3

German-occupied Europe refers to the sovereign countries of Europe which were wholly or partly occupied and civil-occupied (including puppet governments) by the military forces and the government of Nazi Germany at various times between 1939 and 1945, during and shortly before World War II

Question 4

Collaborationists

Answer 4

individuals enrolled in pseudo-Nazi parties, often based in Paris, who had belief in fascist ideology or were anti-communists.

Question 5

German New Order

Answer 5

the political order which Nazi Germany wanted to impose on the conquered areas under its dominion.

Question 6

Holocaust

Answer 6

The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe, around two-thirds of Europe’s Jewish population.

Question 7

Mandate System

Answer 7

The mandate system was a compromise between the Allies’ wish to retain the former German and Turkish colonies and their pre-Armistice declaration (November 5, 1918) that annexation of territory was not their aim in the war.

Question 8

Nationalist Movements

Answer 8

As a movement, nationalism tends to promote the interests of a particular nation (as in a group of people), especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining the nation’s sovereignty (self-governance) over its homeland to create a nation state.

Question 9

Fascism

Answer 9

form of far-right, authoritarian ultranationalism characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition, and strong regimentation of society and the economy that rose to prominence in early 20th-century Europe.

Question 10

Propaganda

Answer 10

dissemination of information—facts, arguments, rumours, half-truths, or lies—to influence public opinion.

Question 11

Mussolini

Answer 11

Italian political leader who became the fascist dictator of Italy from 1925 to 1945. Originally a revolutionary socialist, he forged the paramilitary fascist movement in 1919 and became prime minister in 1922.

Question 12

Hitler

Answer 12

leader of Germany’s Nazi Party, was one of the most powerful and notorious dictators of the 20th century. Hitler capitalized on economic woes, popular discontent and political infighting to take absolute power in Germany beginning in 1933.

Question 13

Francisco Franco

Answer 13

general and the leader of the Nationalist forces that overthrew the Spanish democratic republic in the Spanish Civil War (1936–39); thereafter he was the head of the government of Spain until 1973 and the head of state until his death in 1975.

Question 14

Spanish Civil War

Answer 14

military revolt against the Republican government of Spain, supported by conservative elements within the country. When an initial military coup failed to win control of the entire country, a bloody civil war ensued, fought with great ferocity on both sides.

Question 15

Authoritarianism

Answer 15

Authoritarianism is a form of government characterized by the rejection of political plurality, the use of strong central power to preserve the political status quo, and reductions in the rule of law, separation of powers, and democratic voting.

Question 16

Overproduction

Answer 16

a situation in which the supply of manufactured goods exceeds the demands, companies don’t make money when the product is sitting on the shelf.

Question 17

1929 Stock Market Crash

Answer 17

also called the Great Crash, a sharp decline in U.S. stock market values in 1929 that contributed to the Great Depression of the 1930s. The Great Depression lasted approximately 10 years and affected both industrialized and nonindustrialized countries in many parts of the world.

Question 18

Great Depression

Answer 18

the worst economic downturn in the history of the industrialized world, lasting from 1929 to 1939. It began after the stock market crash of October 1929, which sent Wall Street into a panic and wiped out millions of investors.

Question 19

Soviet bloc

Answer 19

An alliance of countries with similar interests to the Soviet Union; (in later use) specifically the countries of eastern and central Europe under Soviet domination from the end of the Second World War (1939–45) until the collapse of the Soviet communist system (1989–91).