CH 20

Question 1

Market Economy

Answer 1

Market Economy. An economy in which decisions regarding investment, production, and distribution are based on supply and demand, and prices of goods and services are determined in a free price system.

Question 2

Agricultural Revolution

Answer 2

Agricultural Revolution. The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering. Open Field System.

Question 3

Privacy

Answer 3

Privacy. The right of a person to keep part of their life not open to the public.

Question 4

First Industrial Revolution

Answer 4

Industrial Revolution. the change from an agricultural to an industrial society and from home manufacturing to factory production.

Question 5

Textiles

Answer 5

fabrics that are woven or knitted; material for clothing. … Made it possible for one person instead of two to operate a loom in textile manufacturing.

Question 6

Crystal Palace

Answer 6

The Crystal Palace. An exhibition hall built specifically for the Great Exhibition in 1851. It is significant because it showed England’s technological advancements during the Industrial Revolution, built entirely out of steel and glass.

Question 7

Factory system

Answer 7

The Factory System. A method of manufacturing adopted in England at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. Workers go to a factory and work on what they are assigned; paid to run machines, hours were regular, work was repetitive; replaced the domestic system.

Question 8

Railroads

Answer 8

a track or set of tracks made of steel rails along which passenger and freight trains run.

Question 9

Urbanization

Answer 9

Definition: Urbanization is the physical growth of urban areas which result in rural migration and even suburban concentration into cities, particularly the very large ones.

Question 10

Tariffs

Answer 10

Tariffs. duties (taxes) imposed on imported goods; usually imposed both to raise revenue and to discourage imports and protect domestic industries.

Question 11

Middle class

Answer 11

Middle Middle Class. moderately successful industrialists, merchants, professionals in law and medicine. Lower Middle Class. Independent shopkeepers, small traders, tiny manufacturers. White-collar workers.

Question 12

Nuclear family

Answer 12

Nuclear Family. The structure of family in Europe in the 18th century. It consisted of only the direct family and forced the young married couples to provide for themselves. This forced people to marry and have children at a younger age. As opposed to extended family.

Question 13

Market driven wages and prices

Answer 13

Market Driven Wages and Prices. An economic system where decisions regarding investment, production, and distribution are based on the interplay of supply and demand, which determines the prices of goods and services. It also determines the wages given to workers.

Question 14

Daniel Defoe

Answer 14

Daniel Defoe. Journalist and novelist in England. Advocated stern discipline of children “Spare the rod, and spoil the child.” Remember, he’s “Da foe” of children’s rights. charity schools.

Question 15

Canals

Answer 15

an artificial waterway constructed to allow the passage of boats or ships inland or to convey water for irrigation.

Question 16

List’s National System

Answer 16

“National System of Political Economy,” List supported building of railroads, tariff, and the formation of the customs unit among the German States. Economic Nationalism. policies aimed at protecting and developing a country’s economy.

Question 17

Bessemer Process

Answer 17

Bessemer Process. The process of producing steel by blowing air through molten pig iron and removing impurities. Created by Henry Bessemer. Buildings lasted longer and were not as expensive to build.

Question 18

Mass production

Answer 18

Mass Production. The process of producing a large number of items quickly using an assembly line.

Question 19

Telegraph

Answer 19

a system for transmitting messages from a distance along a wire, especially one creating signals by making and breaking an electrical connection.

Question 20

Steamship

Answer 20

a ship that is propelled by a steam engine.

Question 21

Factory Act 1833

Answer 21

The Factory Act of 1833, passed after Sadler had left Parliament, restricted the working day in textile mills to 12 hours for persons aged 13 through 17, and 8 hours for those aged 9 through 12.

Question 22

Mines Act 1842

Answer 22

prohibited boys under the age of ten and all females from laboring in underground mines.