CH 25

Question 1

World War One

Answer 1

World War I, also called First World War or Great War, an international conflict that in 1914–18 embroiled most of the nations of Europe along with Russia, the United States, the Middle East, and other regions.

Question 2

Alliance System

Answer 2

a formal agreement between two or more states for mutual support in case of war.

Question 3

Total War

Answer 3

total war, military conflict in which the contenders are willing to make any sacrifice in lives and other resources to obtain a complete victory, as distinguished from limited war. Throughout history, limitations on the scope of warfare have been more economic and social than political.

Question 4

Paris Peace Conference

Answer 4

The Paris Peace Conference was the formal meeting in 1919 and 1920 of the victorious Allies after the end of World War I to set the peace terms for the defeated Central Powers.

Question 5

Wilsonian idealism

Answer 5

Wilsonianism or Wilsonian idealism describes a certain type of foreign policy advice. The term comes from the ideas and proposals of President Woodrow Wilson (1913–1921). He issued his famous Fourteen Points in January 1918 as a basis for ending World War I and promoting world peace.

Question 6

Successor States

Answer 6

A successor state is a sovereign state over a territory and populace that was previously under the sovereignty of another state.

Question 7

League of Nations

Answer 7

The League of Nations was an international diplomatic group developed after World War I as a way to solve disputes between countries before they erupted into open warfare.

Question 8

Treaty of Versailles

Answer 8

The Treaty of Versailles was signed by Germany and the Allied Nations on June 28, 1919, formally ending World War One. The terms of the treaty required that Germany pay financial reparations, disarm, lose territory, and give up all of its overseas colonies.

Question 9

War Guilt Clause

Answer 9

Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles, known as the War Guilt Clause, was a statement that Germany was responsible for beginning World War I.

Question 10

Russian Revolution

Answer 10

The Russian Revolution was a period of political and social revolution that took place in the former Russian Empire which began during the First World War. This period saw Russia abolish its monarchy and adopt a socialist form of government following two successive revolutions and a bloody civil war.

Question 11

Soviets

Answer 11

political organizations and governmental bodies of the late Russian Empire, primarily associated with the Russian Revolution, which gave the name to the latter state of the Soviet Union.

Question 12

Provisional Government

Answer 12

A provisional government, also called an interim government, an emergency government, or a transitional government, is an emergency governmental authority set up to manage a political transition generally in the cases of new nations or following the collapse of the previous governing administration.

Question 13

Bolshevik Revolution

Answer 13

a period of political and social revolution that took place in the former Russian Empire which began during the First World War. This period saw Russia abolish its monarchy and adopt a socialist form of government following two successive revolutions and a bloody civil war.

Question 14

Russian Civil War

Answer 14

conflict in which the Red Army successfully defended the newly formed Bolshevik government led by Vladimir I. Lenin against various Russian and interventionist anti-Bolshevik armies.

Question 15

Lenin

Answer 15

known by his alias Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 1924 and of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1924.

Question 16

Communism

Answer 16

Communism (from Latin communis, ‘common, universal’) is a philosophical, social, political, and economic ideology and movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, namely a socioeconomic order structured upon the ideas of common or social ownership of all property and the absence of social classes

Question 17

Rosa Luxemburg

Answer 17

a Polish and naturalised-German revolutionary socialist, Marxist philosopher and anti-war activist.

Question 18

Machine gun

Answer 18

automatic weapon of small calibre that is capable of sustained rapid fire. Most machine guns are belt-fed weapons that fire from 500 to 1,000 rounds per minute and will continue to fire as long as the trigger is held back or until the supply of ammunition is exhausted.

Question 19

Schlieffen Plan

Answer 19

The Schlieffen Plan was the operational plan for a designated attack on France once Russia, in response to international tension, had started to mobilise her forces near the German border.

Question 20

Barbed Wire

Answer 20

fence wire usually consisting of two longitudinal wires twisted together to form cable and having wire barbs wound around either or both of the cable wires at regular intervals.

Question 21

Submarine

Answer 21

a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater.

Question 22

Airplane

Answer 22

a fixed-wing flying machine with separate systems for lift, propulsion, and control.

Question 23

Poison Gas

Answer 23

hydrogen sulfide, cracked from oil, chlorine, in diverse chemical uses and to disinfect drinking water, and ammonia

Question 24

Tank

Answer 24

any heavily armed and armoured combat vehicle that moves on two endless metal chains called tracks.

Question 25

Indian National Congress

Answer 25

colloquially the Congress Party but often simply Congress, is a political party in India with widespread roots. Founded in 1885, it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa.

Question 26

Erich Maria Remarque

Answer 26

was a German novelist. His landmark novel Im Westen nichts Neues (All Quiet on the Western Front) (1928), about the German military experience of World War I, was an international best-seller which created a new literary genre, and was adapted into a film in 1930.