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A and P 2 > Ch 24 test > Flashcards

Ch 24 test Flashcards

1
Q

an active process involving conscious choice and decision making

A

ingestion

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2
Q

digestion

A

chemical processing of food into small parts for utilization

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3
Q

movement of nutrients from lumen of system into bloodstream

A

absorption

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4
Q

excretion

A

removal of wastes

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5
Q

defecation

A

ejection of waste materials

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6
Q

peritoneum

A

serous membrane that covers the organs of the abdominal pelvic cavity

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7
Q

ventral mesenteries-2

A
  1. lesser omentum

2. falciform ligament

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8
Q

lesser omentum

A

connects the stomach to the liver

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9
Q

falciform ligament

A

connects the liver to the diaphragm, seperates the lobes

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10
Q

dorsal mesenteries-3

A
  1. greater omentum
  2. mesentery proper
  3. mesocolon
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11
Q

greater omentum

A

hangs as an apron over the anterior of the small intestine

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12
Q

mesentery proper

A

holds the small intestine

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13
Q

mesocolon

A

transverse and sigmoid colons

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14
Q

histology digestion- stratefied squamous

A

mouth, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, anus

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15
Q

histology digestion- simple columnar w goblet cells

A

secretion and absorption

stomach, small intestine, large intestine

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16
Q

enteroendocrine cells

A

scattered cells in the tract that secrete hormones

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17
Q

longitudinal folds

A

folds in mucosa that disappear as the tract fills and expands

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18
Q

plicae

A

permanent transverse (circular) folds that aid in surface area and churning food

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19
Q

peristalsis

A

movement of bolus through intestines

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20
Q

short reflexes

A

receptors stimulate myenteric-> stimulates secretory cells and peristalsis

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21
Q

long reflexes

A

stimulate CNS-> sympathetic and parasympathetic responses triggered

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22
Q

salivary amylase

A

breaks down starches (carbs) in mouth

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23
Q

lingual lipase

A

breaks down lipids in mouth

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24
Q

uvula

A

extension off soft palate to ensure food does not get swallowed until properly chewed

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25
Q

salivary glands-3

A
  1. parotid gland-25%
  2. sublingual gland- 5%
  3. submandibular glands-70%
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26
Q

parotid glands

A

largest glands in cheek, produce amylase

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27
Q

sublingual glands

A

floor of mouth, produces buffers and lubricants

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28
Q

submandibular glands

A

secretes buffers, glycoproteins, mucins, and amylase

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29
Q

types of teeth-4

A
  1. incisors-blade
  2. cuspids (canines)- tearing
  3. bicuspids (premolars)-course grinding
  4. molars- fine grinding
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30
Q

does not have a serosa layer but an adventitia layer of connective tissue

A

esophagus

31
Q

swallowing

A

deglution

32
Q

swallowing 3 phases

A
  1. buccal
  2. pharyngeal
  3. esophageal
33
Q

intrinsic factor

A

produced in the stomach, glycoprotein needed for B12

34
Q

cardia

A

stomach region, entrance for the esophagus

35
Q

fundus

A

stomach region, superior to the esophageal entrance

36
Q

body of stomach

A

largest portion for mixing chyme

37
Q

pylorus

A

distal end of stomach

38
Q

antrum of stomach

A

cavity portion

39
Q

canal of stomach

A

empties into duodenum

40
Q

sphincter of stomach

A

regulates release of chyme

41
Q

rugae

A

longitudinal folds on empty stomach for expansion

42
Q

3 layers of muscularis externa

A
  1. oblique-inner
  2. circular
  3. longitudinal-outer
43
Q

gastric pits

A

functional portion of mucosa

44
Q

gastric glands

A

connect to the gastric pits

45
Q

parietal cells

A

intrinsic factor for B12 absorption

46
Q

chief cells-2

A
  1. pepsinogen

2. gastric lipase

47
Q

pepsinogin

A

converts to pepsin in presence of HCl, breaks down proteins

48
Q

pyloric glands-2

A
  1. gastrin- stim the secretion of parietal and chief cells

2. somatostatin- D cell production to inhibit gastrin

49
Q

Cephalic phase

A

CNS controlled
prepares stomach for food
starts by sight, smell, thought

50
Q

gastric phase

A

arrival of food in stomach

51
Q

intestinal phase

A

chyme enters small intestine

52
Q

intestinal juice-3

A
  1. secretin
  2. CCK
  3. gastrin
53
Q

gastroenteric reflex

A

stimulates motility and secretion as stomach fills

54
Q

gastroileal reflex

A

relaxes the illeocecal valve to create space for new food

55
Q

small intestine segments-3

A
  1. duodenum
  2. jejunum
  3. ileum
56
Q

large intestine segments-3

A
  1. cecum
  2. colon
  3. rectum
57
Q

cecum

A

first part of large intestine, appendix

58
Q

haustra

A

pouches or folds for expansion and elongation of colon

59
Q

teaniae coli

A

longitudinal bands of smooth muscle that create the haustra

60
Q

epiploic appendages

A

fatty sacs in the colon

61
Q

colon regions-4

A
  1. ascending
  2. transverse
  3. descending
  4. sigmoid
62
Q

colon flexures-3

A
  1. hepatic flexure
  2. spleenic flexure
  3. sigmoid flexure
63
Q

internal sphincter

A

autonomic, inner sphincter

64
Q

external sphincter

A

voluntary control

65
Q

vitamins absorbed in colon-3

A
  1. vit K
  2. biotin
  3. B5 pantothenic acid
66
Q

organic wastes-4

A
  1. ammonia
  2. indole and skatole
    3 hydrogen sulfide
  3. indigestible carbs
67
Q

pancreatic acini

A

cuboidal epi that secreates panc juice

68
Q

panc juice-4

A
  1. pancreatic alpha amylase-carbs
  2. pancreatic lipase- lipids
  3. nucleases- nucleic acids
  4. proteolytic enzymes
69
Q

proteases

A

break large proteins- trypsinogen

70
Q

peptidases

A

break small peptide chains

71
Q

liver lobes-4

A
  1. right
  2. left
  3. caudate
  4. quadrate (seperated from left by round ligament)
72
Q

Kupffer cells

A

macrophages found in liver

73
Q

cystic duct

A

fills gall bladder by backflow from common bile duct

A and P 2 (14 decks)

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