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A and P 2 > Ch 19 test > Flashcards

Ch 19 test Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the cardiovascular system

A

heart, blood vessels, blood

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2
Q

What are the 5 functions of blood

A
  1. transportation of dissolved substances
  2. regulation of pH and ions
  3. restriction of fluid loss w injury
  4. defense against toxins and pathogens
  5. stabilization of body temp
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3
Q

2 major cat. blood is broken down into

A

plasma and formed elements

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4
Q

Plasma is composed of what?

A

90%water, proteins, serum

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5
Q

liquid part of blood sample in wh dissolved fibrinogen has converted to solid fibrin

A

serum

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6
Q

the fluid in the tissues that fills the spaces between cells

A

interstitial fluid

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7
Q

cytosol, the fluid inside a cell

A

intracellular fluid

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8
Q

the fluid contents of lymphatic vessels similar to interstitial fluid

A

lymph

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9
Q

the fluid ground substance of whole blood; what remains after the cells have been removed from blood

A

plasma

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10
Q

What are the major plasma proteins?

A

albumins (60%)
Globulins (35%)
fibrinagen (4%)

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11
Q

What constitutes the formed elements?

A

platelets <.1%

RBC 99.9%

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12
Q

The process that produces formed elements

A

hemipoises

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13
Q

What cell types do myeloid stem cells produce?

A

RBCs and WBCs

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14
Q

What cell types do lymphoid stem cells produce?

A

lymphocytes

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15
Q

the % of whole blood volume contributed by formed elements

A

hematocrit

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16
Q

the determination of the relative abundance of each type of WBC on the basis of a random sampling of 100 WBCs

A

differential count

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17
Q

concentration of hemoglobin in the blood

A

percent hemoglobin saturation

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18
Q

what are 3 important effects of the shape of an RBC

A

increase surface to volume ratio, form stacks (rouleaux), bend and flex through capillaries

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19
Q

protein molecule the transports respiratory gases

A

hemoglobin

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20
Q

associates easily with oxygen

A

oxyhemoglobin

21
Q

dissociate easily from oxygen

A

deoxyhemoglobin

22
Q

binds CO2 and carries to lungs

A

carbaminohemoglobin

23
Q

process and location of RBC recycling

A

macrophage engulf RBC
in liver- bilirubin released from macrophages binds to albumin and goes to liver for excretion in bile
large intestine- bacteria convert bilirubin to urobilins and stercobilins
kidney- excrete HgB and urobilins
120 lifespan

24
Q

a non-protein pigment complex

A

heme

25
Q

red blood cell formation

A

erythropoiesis

26
Q

RBC that enters ciculation

A

reticulocyte

27
Q

What is the hormone that stimulates production of RBCs, where does it come from, and what is it in response to?

A

erythropoietin (EPO)
secreted when O2 is low (hypoxia)
due to disease or high altitude

28
Q

What are the surface antigens and how do they interact with the antibodies?

A

cell surface proteins that identify cells to the immune system, normal cells ignored and foreign cells attacked

29
Q

what is the process by which antibodies will attack the foreign blood type and hemolysis occurs

A

transfusion reaction

30
Q

what are the different types of WBCs (5)

A

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, lymphocytes

31
Q

WBC- 50-70%, phagocytic, attack bacteria, pathogens and debris

A

neutraphil

32
Q

WBC- 2-4%, phagocytic, allegies and parasites

A

eosinophil

33
Q

WBC-<1%, releases histamine for inflammation response

A

basophils

34
Q

WBC-2-8%, very large macrophage that engulfs pathogens and debris

A

monocytes

35
Q

WBC-20-30%, little cytoplasm that provides defense against specific pathogen or toxin

A

lymphocyte

36
Q

What are 4 colony-stimulating factors and what cells do they stimulate?

A

M-CSF-monocytes
G-CSF- granulocytes
GM-CSF- both granulocytes and monocytes
multi-CSF- accelerates the production of all

37
Q

granulocytes

A

neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

38
Q

nucleates cells (platelets) in nonmammalian vertebrae

A

thrombocytes

39
Q

abnormally low platelet count

A

thrombocytopenia

40
Q

abnormally high platelet count

A

thrombocytosis

41
Q

platelet production

A

thrombocytopoiesis

42
Q

what are the 3 functions of platelets

A
  1. release important clotting chemicals
  2. temporary patch damaged vessel walls
  3. reduce size of break in vessel wall
43
Q

what forms a platelet

A

round to spindle shaped cytoplasmic fragments containing enzymes, proenzymes, actin, and myosin; no nucleus

44
Q

3 phases of clotting

A

vascular, platelet, coaggulation

45
Q

clot phase- last 30 min after injury, endothelial cells contract and release endothelins which stim contraction, cells become sticky and adhere platelets

A

vascular phase

46
Q

clot phase- platelets attach to endothelial cells and all over injury releasing chemicals that promote aggregation, vascular spasm, clotting, and vessel repair

A

platelet phase

47
Q

clot phase- intrinsic, extrinsic, and common pathways incorporate fibrinogen in making a blood clot to seal off damaged portion of vessel

A

coaggulation phase

48
Q

what is required for fibrinolysis and what is being destroyed?

A

slow process of dissolving clot, needs thrombin and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasmin digests fibrin strands

A and P 2 (14 decks)

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