Ch 19 test Flashcards
What are the components of the cardiovascular system
heart, blood vessels, blood
What are the 5 functions of blood
- transportation of dissolved substances
- regulation of pH and ions
- restriction of fluid loss w injury
- defense against toxins and pathogens
- stabilization of body temp
2 major cat. blood is broken down into
plasma and formed elements
Plasma is composed of what?
90%water, proteins, serum
liquid part of blood sample in wh dissolved fibrinogen has converted to solid fibrin
serum
the fluid in the tissues that fills the spaces between cells
interstitial fluid
cytosol, the fluid inside a cell
intracellular fluid
the fluid contents of lymphatic vessels similar to interstitial fluid
lymph
the fluid ground substance of whole blood; what remains after the cells have been removed from blood
plasma
What are the major plasma proteins?
albumins (60%)
Globulins (35%)
fibrinagen (4%)
What constitutes the formed elements?
platelets <.1%
RBC 99.9%
The process that produces formed elements
hemipoises
What cell types do myeloid stem cells produce?
RBCs and WBCs
What cell types do lymphoid stem cells produce?
lymphocytes
the % of whole blood volume contributed by formed elements
hematocrit
the determination of the relative abundance of each type of WBC on the basis of a random sampling of 100 WBCs
differential count
concentration of hemoglobin in the blood
percent hemoglobin saturation
what are 3 important effects of the shape of an RBC
increase surface to volume ratio, form stacks (rouleaux), bend and flex through capillaries
protein molecule the transports respiratory gases
hemoglobin
associates easily with oxygen
oxyhemoglobin
dissociate easily from oxygen
deoxyhemoglobin
binds CO2 and carries to lungs
carbaminohemoglobin
process and location of RBC recycling
macrophage engulf RBC
in liver- bilirubin released from macrophages binds to albumin and goes to liver for excretion in bile
large intestine- bacteria convert bilirubin to urobilins and stercobilins
kidney- excrete HgB and urobilins
120 lifespan
a non-protein pigment complex
heme
red blood cell formation
erythropoiesis
RBC that enters ciculation
reticulocyte
What is the hormone that stimulates production of RBCs, where does it come from, and what is it in response to?
erythropoietin (EPO)
secreted when O2 is low (hypoxia)
due to disease or high altitude
What are the surface antigens and how do they interact with the antibodies?
cell surface proteins that identify cells to the immune system, normal cells ignored and foreign cells attacked
what is the process by which antibodies will attack the foreign blood type and hemolysis occurs
transfusion reaction
what are the different types of WBCs (5)
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, lymphocytes
WBC- 50-70%, phagocytic, attack bacteria, pathogens and debris
neutraphil
WBC- 2-4%, phagocytic, allegies and parasites
eosinophil
WBC-<1%, releases histamine for inflammation response
basophils
WBC-2-8%, very large macrophage that engulfs pathogens and debris
monocytes
WBC-20-30%, little cytoplasm that provides defense against specific pathogen or toxin
lymphocyte
What are 4 colony-stimulating factors and what cells do they stimulate?
M-CSF-monocytes
G-CSF- granulocytes
GM-CSF- both granulocytes and monocytes
multi-CSF- accelerates the production of all
granulocytes
neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
nucleates cells (platelets) in nonmammalian vertebrae
thrombocytes
abnormally low platelet count
thrombocytopenia
abnormally high platelet count
thrombocytosis
platelet production
thrombocytopoiesis
what are the 3 functions of platelets
- release important clotting chemicals
- temporary patch damaged vessel walls
- reduce size of break in vessel wall
what forms a platelet
round to spindle shaped cytoplasmic fragments containing enzymes, proenzymes, actin, and myosin; no nucleus
3 phases of clotting
vascular, platelet, coaggulation
clot phase- last 30 min after injury, endothelial cells contract and release endothelins which stim contraction, cells become sticky and adhere platelets
vascular phase
clot phase- platelets attach to endothelial cells and all over injury releasing chemicals that promote aggregation, vascular spasm, clotting, and vessel repair
platelet phase
clot phase- intrinsic, extrinsic, and common pathways incorporate fibrinogen in making a blood clot to seal off damaged portion of vessel
coaggulation phase
what is required for fibrinolysis and what is being destroyed?
slow process of dissolving clot, needs thrombin and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasmin digests fibrin strands
