ch 24: cardiovascular diseases Flashcards

1
Q

what are symptoms of left sided heart failure? whats it caused by? what is it AKA?

A
  • systemic causes, pulmonary symptoms
  • orthopnea, dyspnea, SOB, pulmonary edema, pulmonary hypertension, frothy sputum with cough, decreased urine output
  • systemic heart failure and hypertrophy of the left ventricle
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2
Q

what are symptoms of right sided heart failure? whats it caused by? what is it AKA?

A
  • caused by left sided heart failure
  • pulmonary causes, systemic symptoms
  • hepatosplenomegaly, pitting edema, varcies veins, and portal HTN
  • diastolic heart failure
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3
Q

what are the 9 steps of arteriosclerosis?

A
  • endothelial damage
  • complement cascades causing chemotaxis
  • chemotaxins recruit platelets to repair damage
  • macrophages are recruited
  • macrophages engulf LDLs
  • macrophages migrate in between the tunica intima and tunica media
  • macrophages oxidate the LDLs forming foam cells
  • fatty streaks are formed and make plaque
  • collagen and elastin lay on the plaque to make it fibrous
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4
Q

what is atherogenesis?

A

-process of forming atheromas in the inner lining of the arteries

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5
Q

what are risk factors for atherosclerosis?

A
  • high bp

- diabetes

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6
Q

what is atherosclerosis?

A

chronic thickening of the arteries with plaque buildup

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7
Q

what are the 3 main causes of an aneurysm?

A
  • atherosclerosis
  • trauma
  • idiopathic
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8
Q

what is the main cause of secondaryy HTN?

A

renal disease

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9
Q

what is a thrombus? embolism?

A
  • a blood clot that is attached to a blood vessel wall and does not move
  • embolisms travel
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10
Q

what are varicose veins?

A

unpatent valvular structures with pools of blood

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11
Q

what is primary hypertension bp? what % of individuals does this effect?

A

140/90

95%

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12
Q

what organ is the workhorse behind the cardiovascular system?

A

kidneys

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13
Q

a 55 yr old shows up with fatigue and dyspnea, but nothing shows up on the ECG. what ischemia would the nurse suspect?

A

-silent ischemia

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14
Q

what are some characteristics of a myocardial infarction?

A
  • less than 20 min
  • reversible
  • chest pain
  • plaque build up
  • hot and clammy
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15
Q

what is the cause of bacterial endocarditis?

A

rheumatic fever

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16
Q

what disease is normally mistaken for heartburn?

A

stable angina

17
Q

what would you see with a dysrhythmia? what is this known as?

A
  • varied heart rate

- sinus dysrhythmia

18
Q

what is a fibrillation?

A

extra abnormal heartbeats

19
Q

what is the first sign of heart failure?

A

fatigue

20
Q

what is the main cause of heart failure?

A

hypertension