ch 21: hematology diseases Flashcards
what is the cause of pernicious anemia? what are the symptoms? what age does it usually happen?
- lack of IF from gastric cells which cause a deficiency in B12 which decreased O2
- decreased O2, decreased blood flow to the kidneys, fluid moves into the blood vessels and they dilate
- increased resp. rate, skin looks pale, decreased appetite, and splenic enlargment
- > 30 years old
what causes folate deficiency anemia? what are the symptoms? who are more prone to this?
- lack of folate absorption in the small intestines
- anemia symptoms, stomatitis, and buccal mucosal ulcerations
- alcoholics and malnourished
what is iron deficiency caused by? what are the symptoms? why is this most common in women?
- lack of iron the blood
- fatigue, weakness, SOB, pale ear lobes, brittle and thing spoon shaped nails, and sore tongue
- women can get it because they menstruate and lose a lot of iron during that
what is sideroblastic anemia caused by? what are the symptoms?
- altered mitochondria metabolism causing ineffective iron uptake resulting in dysfunctional hemoglobin synthesis and raising the iron levels in the tissue
- increased bilirubin cause yellowing of skin and eyes
what is sickle cell anemia?
-abnormal shape of RBCs doesn’t allow for O2 binding
what polycythemia vera? what is primary and manifestations? secondary?
- overproduction of RBCs
- primary is the abnormality of stem cells in bone marrow which creates an increased BV, viscosity, coagulation, and pruritus
- secondary is increased erythropoietin to chronic hypoxia
what is leukocytosis? leukopenia? what does this cause?
- increase in WBCs #
- decrease in WBCs #
- increased infections ad decreased immune response
what is infectious mononucleosis caused by? what are symptoms? who is this most common in and at what age?
- epstein barr virus
- fever, sore throat, swollen cervical nodes, and increased lymphocytes
- young adults ages 15-35 (peak is 15-19)
what is the cause of acute leukemia? what are the symptoms?
- uncontrolled proliferation of WBCs and presence of non differentiated blast cells
- fatigue, bleeding, fever, decrease weight, vomiting, bone pain, liver and spleen enlargement
what is the cause of chronic leukemia? what are the symptoms?
- cells are mature but do not function properly
- decreased neutrophils and increased infection
what is a non hodgkin lymphoma? what age is it common in? what are symptoms? what are some treatments?
- diverse group of lymphomas
- common over 50 years old
- similar to hodkin’s, peripheral effusion, splenomegaly, abdominal pain and systemic symptoms
- radiation and chemotherapy
what is hodkin’s lymphoma? what are the symptoms? what are the common ages? what are the treatments? what is the cure rate?
- presence of Reed-Stemburg cells in the lymph nodes
- enlarged painless lymph nodes in the neck, fever, weight loss, night sweats, and pruritus
- 20-30 and 60-70
- stages 1 &2 get radiation
- stages 3 &4 get chemotherapy
- 75%
what is the difference between acute leukemia and chronic leukemia?
- acute has lymphoblasts
- chronic has myeoblasts
what is the difference between hodgkin’s lymphoma and nonhodgkin’s lymphoma?
- hodgkin’s has reed steinberg cells in the lymph nodes
- nonhodgkin’s does not have reed steinberg cells
what is the virchow’s triad? explain each part.
- endothelial damage (loss of wall integrity)
- venous stasis (alterations of blood constituents)
- hypercoagulability (changes in blood flow)
