ch 19: endocrine diseases Flashcards
what is SIADH? How does this happen? What organs does this involve? What are manifestations?
- hypersecretion of ADH
- ectopic secretion by tumor cells
- posterior pituitary
- renal water retention, thirst dyspnea, cramps, vomiting, confusion, seizures
what is diabetes insipidus? what are the manifestions? what is neurogenic? nephrogenic? phsycogenic? what organ does this have to do with?
- insufficiency of ADH
- polyuria, polydipsia, inability to concentrate urine
- body doesn’t have enough of ADH
- body doesn’t know what to do with ADH
- body has a resistance to ADH due to high fluid intake
- posterior pituitary
what is hypopituitaryism? what causes this?
- a hyposecretion of either ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH, GH
- pituitary infarction
what is hyperpituitaryism? what is it caused by? manifestations?
- hypersecretion of either ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH, GH
- benign slow growing pituitary adenoma
- headache, fatigue, seizures, visual changes, and neck pain/stiffness
what is gigantism? when does this happen?
- hypersecretion of GH in children and adolescents when the epiphyseal plates are open
- results in rapid bone growth
what is acromegaly? when does this happen? what are some manifestations?
- hypersecretion of GH during adulthood when epiphyseal plates are closed
- characterized by the enlargement of bones, in face, hands, and feet and also the heart
what is prolactinoma? in females? in males?
- hypersecretion of prolactin
- causes amenorrhea, galactorrhea, hirsutism, and osteopenia
- hypogonadism, erectile dysfunction, and diminsion ejaculate volume
what is thyrotoxycosis? what is graves disease? what is nodular thyroid disease caused by? what is thyrotoxic crisis/storm?
- all hyperthyroidism (TH)
- higher than normal levels of TH
- autoimmune disease and is the most common hypertyroidism
- toxic multinodual goiter, or adenoma
- rare and dangerous. can cause death
what is graves disease? what causes this? what are the manifestations? what organ does this have to do with?
- autoimmune disease
- antibodies against TSH receptor causes malfunction
- exopthalamus, irritability, weight loss, and fatigue
- thyroid
what is primary hypothyroidism? secondary? what are manifestations?
- primary is the loss of thyroid tissue, decreased TH, increased TSH, and goiter
- secondary is failure to synthesize TSH and is less common
- lowered energy metabolism, low heat production and col intolerance, lethargy/tiredness, goiter, and myxedema
what is primary hyperparathyroidism? secondary? manifestion?
- excess secretion of PTH from a chief cell adenoma
- increase in PTH from a disease
- hypercalcemia
what is hypoparathyroidism caused by? what are some manifestations?
- a hyposecretion of PTH
- caused by parathyroid damage during surgery
- hypocalcemia
what is diabetes mellitus? what organ does it deal with?
- chronic hyperglycemia along with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism
- pancreas
what is type 1 diabetes dependent on? what happens during this?
- insulin dependent
- pancreas atrophy and specific loss of beta cells due to antibodies
- hyperglycemia, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, fatigue, and KETOACIDOSIS
what is type 2 diabetes? what are clinical manifestations? what are these patients at high risk for?
- non insulin dependent
- pruritus, recurrent infections, visual changes, and paresthesias
- at high risk for obesity
