ch 23 - musculoskeletal objs

Question 1

what changes do older adults experience in their muscoskeletal system ?

Answer 1

1. decreased height
2. kyphosis
3. knee flexion
4. hip flexion
5. osteoporosis

Question 2

how do you asses ROM actively vs. passively?

Answer 2

actively: ask for them to move the joint while holding body area near it

passively: ask them to move while holding the body part

Question 3

what is crecipitation?

Answer 3

an audible and palpable crunching or grating that accompanies movement of the joint

Question 4

what is rheumatoid arhthrisi?

Answer 4

chronic autoimmune disease that causes the body’s immune system to attack healthy joint tissue

Question 5

what is osteoarthiritis?

Answer 5

degeneration of the cartilage between the bones

Question 6

what are you looking for when inspecting the spine?

Answer 6

1. that the spine is straight
2. that the spine has its four curves in the right places= cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral

Question 7

what are two common spine abnormalities?

Answer 7

herniated nucleus pulposus and scoliosis

Question 8

what are the key six subjective data to look for in the muscoskeletal system?

Answer 8

joints, knee joint (if injured), muscles, bones, functional assesment (ADL), patient centered care

Question 9

are joints normally tender to palpation?

Answer 9

no

Question 10

is the synovial membrane usually palpable? what happens when it is thickened?

Answer 10

• no
• when it is thickened it feels “doughy” or “boggy”

Question 11

what is a normal finding for joint motion?

Answer 11

no tenderness, pain or crecipitation

Question 12

how should normal muscle strength be?

Answer 12

• equal bilaterally and fully resist the opposing force

Question 13

what is an important thing to note when checking for muscle strength?

Answer 13

muscle and joints are interdependent and should be interpreted together

Question 14

what is a normal finding when inspecting the temporomandibular joint?

Answer 14

• an audible and palpable snap or click occurs as the mouth opens

Question 15

what are normal findings when palpating the muscles around the cervical spine?

Answer 15

• they should feel firm, with no muscle spasm or tenderness

Question 16

what does the normal functional position of the hand show?

Answer 16

-it shows the wrist in a slight extension

Question 17

what are the muscles of the palm like?

Answer 17

• rounded mound proximal to the thumb
• smaller rounded mound proximal to the pinky

Question 17

what is a normal lower leg alignment?

Answer 17

the lower leg should extended in the same axis as the thigh

Question 18

what are normal findings in the patella?

Answer 18

distinct hollows known as “paripatellar grooves”

Question 19

what are normal findings when palpating joints?

Answer 19

smooth, with no swelling, bogginess, nodules or tenderness

Question 20

what does the bulge sign confirm?

Answer 20

the presence of small amounts of fluid as you try to move the fluid from one side of the joint to the other

Question 21

what is the ballottement of the patella used for?

Answer 21

when large amounts of fluid is present

Question 22

what are subcutaneous nodules?

Answer 22

raise , firm and nontender and overlying skin moves freely

Question 22

what is contracture?

Answer 22

shortening of a muscle which limits ROM

Question 22

what is articular disease?

Answer 22

swelling around the whole joint that limits all planes of ROM

Question 22

what is extra articular disease?

Answer 22

swelling and tenderness to one spot in the joint and affects only certain planes of ROM

Question 22

what is subluxation?

Answer 22

two bones in a joint stay in contact but their alignment is off

Question 22

how should foot alignment be?

Answer 22

the foot should align with the long axis of the lower leg–> an imaginary line would fall from midpatella to between the first and second toes

Question 23

how should the joint spaces in the ankle feel?

Answer 23

smooth and depressed

Question 23

where should weight bearing fall?

Answer 23

in the middle of the foot

Question 24

what is hallux valgus?

Answer 24

when the distal part of the big toe is pointed away from the body

Question 25

who is lordosis common in?

Answer 25

obese people