Ch. 23-28 vocabulary

Question 0

Columbian Exchange

Answer 0

Global proliferation of plants, crops, animal, human populations, and diseases following Columbus’ voyages

Question 1

Astrolabe

Answer 1

Navigational instrument for determining latitude

Question 2

East India Company

Answer 2

British joint stock company that grew to be a state within a state in India; it possessed it’s own armed forces

Question 3

Joint Stock Companies

Answer 3

Early forerunner of the modern corporation: individuals who invested in a trading or exploring venture could make huge profits while limiting their risk

Question 4

Manila Galleons

Answer 4

Heavily armed, fast ships that brought luxury goods from China to Mexico and carried silver from Mexico to China

Question 5

Melaka

Answer 5

Powerful Islamic state of the fifteenth century in Southeast Asia

Question 6

United East India Company

Answer 6

Dutch joint stock company, founded in 1602, that operated Dutch trading posts with government support but which little government oversight

Question 7

Absolutism

Answer 7

Political philosophy that stressed the divine right theory of kingship: the drench king Louis XIV was the classic example

Question 8

Capitalism

Answer 8

And economic system with the origins in early Europe in which private parties make their goods and services available on a free market

Question 9

Catholic Reformation

Answer 9

16th century Catholic attempts to cure internal issues that confront Protestantism: it was inspired by the reforms of the Council of Trent and the actions of the Jesuits

Question 10

Deism

Answer 10

An enlightenment view that accepted the existence of a God but denied the supernatural aspects of Christianity; in deism the universe was an orderly realm maintained by rational and natural laws

Question 11

Enlightenment

Answer 11

18th century philosopher goal movement that began in France; its emphasis was on the preeminence of reason rather than faith or tradition; it spread it’s concepts from the scientific revolution

Question 12

Holy Roman Empire

Answer 12

Central and western European kingdom created at the treaty of Verdun in 843 and lasting until 1806

Question 13

Humanists

Answer 13

Renaissance scholars interested in moral philosophy, history, and literature, drawing inspiration from classical texts

Question 14

Conquistadores

Answer 14

Spanish adventures like Cortes and Pizarro who conquered Central and South America in the sixteenth Century

Question 15

Criollos

Answer 15

Creoles, people born in the Americas of Spanish or Portuguese ancestry

Question 16

Encomienda

Answer 16

System that gave the Spanish settlers (encomenderos) the right to compel indigenous peoples of the Americas to work in the mines or fields

Question 17

Hacienda

Answer 17

Large Latin American estates

Question 18

Indentured Labor

Answer 18

Labor source in the Americas; wealthy planters would pay the European poor to sell a portion of their working lives, usually seven years, in exchange for passage

Question 19

Mestizo

Answer 19

Latin American term for children of Spanish and native parentage

Question 20

Mulattoes

Answer 20

Brazilians of mixed ancestry

Question 21

Peninsulares

Answer 21

Like an American officials from Spain or Portugal

Question 22

Quinto

Answer 22

The one fifth of Mexican and Peruvian silver production that was reserved for the Spanish monarchy

Question 23

Treat of Tordesillas

Answer 23

Treaty (1494) dividing the world outside Europe between Spain and Portugal along the north South Meridian at 370 leagues west of the Cape verdes islands

Question 24

Diaspora

Answer 24

People who have settled far from their original Homeland but was still share some measure of ethnic identity

Question 25

Fulani

Answer 25

Sub-Saharan African people who beginning in the 17th century began a series of wars designed to impose their own strict interpretation of Islam

Question 26

Great Zimbabwe

Answer 26

Large sub-Saharan African kingdoms and 15th century

Question 27

Kongo

Answer 27

Central African state that began trading with the Portuguese around 1500; although their kings, such as king of Affonso I (1506-1543) converted to Christianity, they nevertheless suffered from the slave trade

Question 28

Maroons

Answer 28

Runaway African slaves

Question 29

Songhay

Answer 29

Empire that replaced Molly in the late 15th century

Question 30

Timbuktu

Answer 30

City in Mali, Africa, that was notable for its Islamic University and 180 religious schools

Question 31

Triangular Trade

Answer 31

Trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas that featured finished products from Europe, slaves from Africa, and American products bound for Europe

Question 32

Dutch Learning

Answer 32

European knowledge that reached Tokugawa Japan

Question 33

Floating Worlds

Answer 33

Term for centers of urban culture in Japan under the Tokugawa shogunate

Question 34

Kabuki

Answer 34

Japanese theater in which actors were free to improvise and embellish the words

Question 35

Manchus

Answer 35

Manchurian’s who conquered China, putting an end to the ming dynasty and founding the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911)

Question 36

Ming

Answer 36

Chinese dynasty (1368 to 1644) founded by Hongwu known for its cultural brilliance

Question 37

Qing

Answer 37

Chinese dynasty (1644-1911) that reached it’s peak during the reigns of Kangxi and Qianlong

Question 38

Scholar Bureaucrats

Answer 38

Civil servants, selected through rigorous examinations and schooled in Confucian text and calligraphy, who govern the Chinese empire for the Qing Dynasty

Question 39

Devshirme

Answer 39

Ottoman requirement that the Christians in the Balkans provide young boys to be slaves of the sultan

Question 40

Janissaries

Answer 40

Slave troops serving the ottoman empire

Question 41

Mughals

Answer 41

Islamic dynasty that ruled India from the 16th through the 18th centuries; the construction of the Taj Mahal is representative of the splendor; with the exception of the enlightened reign of Akbar, the increasing conflict between Hindus and Muslims was another of their legacies

Question 42

Ottoman Empire

Answer 42

Powerful Turkish Empire that lasted from the conquest of Constantinople (Istanbul) in 1453 until 1918 and reached it’s peak during the reign of Süleyman the Magnificent(1520-1566)

Question 43

Safavid

Answer 43

Later Persian empire (1501-1722) that was founded by Shag Ismail and that became a center for Shiism; the empire reached it’s peak under Shag Abbas the Great and was centered around capital of Isfahan

Question 44

Süleyman

Answer 44

The most powerful and wealthy ruler of the sixteenth century

Question 45

Taj Mahal

Answer 45

Outstanding example of Mughal architecture located at Fatehpur Sikri, the Mughal capital of Akbar