AP semester 1 Exam Study Guide Flashcards
What are yurts?
Tents used by nomadic Turkish & Mongol tribes
Describe the environment of central Asia
They didn’t receive enough rain to support large-scale agriculture, there were no large rivers or sources of water to support large-scale irrigation systems
What factors limited the development of central Asia Society?
Arid climate, nomadic life
What were the characteristics of noble classes in nomadic society?
Hereditary, heirs could lose their status if they didn’t provide appropriate leadership, they did little governing and during times of war they wielded absolute authority over their forces
What religion did the majority of turks convert to
Islam
What was the political power of the khans based on
Ruling through the leaders of Allied Tribes
What was nomadic military power based on
Calvary forces
How did Chinggis Khan strengthen the Mongol fighting forces?
He broke up tribes and forced men of fighting age to join new military units with no tribal affiliation and chose military officials based on talents or loyalty to him
What were the characteristics of Mongol rule in China?
They outlawed intermarriage between Mongols and Chinese, they forbade Chinese from learning the Mongol language, they brought a foreign administrator into China, they tolerated all cultural and religious traditions
What were the effects of Mongol rule on trade?
Long distance travel and trade was less risky. Merchants increased their commercial investments. People were able to travel across the entire Eurasian landmass.
In what ways did the Mongols bring greater integration of the Eurasian peoples?
Diplomatic missions, missionary efforts and resettlement, not common state religion
What were the successes and failures of Kublai Khans military ?
He had little success when he tried to conquer Vietnam, Cambodia, Burma and Japan, he extended Mongol rule to all of China and established the Yuan dynasty
What dynasty did the Mongols create in China?
Yuan
What were griots?
Professional singers and story tellers in Africa who transmit oral stories
By 1000, most parts of Africa south of the equator had been settled by people speak in what language?
Bantu
What food help the Bantu expand into the forested regions of Africa?
Banana
What was the political structure of early Bantu societies?
They were stable societies, kin-based societies
Why did Mali become the wealthiest kingdom in sub-Saharan Africa?
They controlled gold trade
What religion did the kings of Ghana convert to?
Islam
Who made the famous pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324 to 1325? why is this important?
Mansa Musa. it’s served to demonstrate enormous wealth
What does the term Swahili mean
Coasters
What trade networks did both east and west Africa depend on?
Trans Saharan trade and Indian Ocean trade
How did gender issues in sub-Saharan compared to other societies
Woman had more opportunities open to them, they tended to domestic chores and took care of the children, Woman merchants commonly traded at markets and sometimes even fought in the military
What did Africans use to replace the wealth of land ownership?
Slave ownership
In the high middle ages what state seemed to have the most potential to re-create centralized imperial rule?
The Holy Roman Empire
Who did William of Normandy conquer in 1066?
England
What was the political structure of Italy in the high middle ages?
City states (regional states)
Where did the reconquest of lands from the Muslims occur?
The Iberian Peninsula
What was the Hanseatic league?
A trading network the operated in the north Sean and the Baltic Sea
What factors explain the increase agricultural production of the high middle ages?
The opening of new lands to cultivation, improved agricultural techniques, the use of new tools and technologies and the introduction of new crops
Where was the revival of urban society most pronounced
Italy
What ancient Greek philosopher was central to thought during the high middle ages?
Aristotle
What were the success rates of the crusades?
There was only one successful Crusade, 25%
Who were the Mexica?
Aztecs, reputation as troublemakers, they migrated from Northwestern regions
What was the capital of the Aztec empire
Tenochtitlan
What is the Chinampas system?
The Mexica drenched a rich and fertile muck from the lakes bottom and built it up into small plots of land for agriculture
What role did women play in Aztec society?
They played almost no public role in society but held influences and enjoyed high honor his mothers and warriors
How did the mexica adapt to the culture of central Mexico?
They adopted other cultural and religious traditions shared by all peoples of Mesoamerica
Where did most honors and rewards go to in Aztec society?
Warriors
How did the Aztec view human sacrifice?
They believed that without the blood of their victims the sun would lose energy and the world would plunge into eternal darkness
How did the Inca impose order on those they ruled over?
They took hostages from the conquered tribes ruling classes
What was the Incan quipu?
A mnemonic aid consisting of small cords with knots
What was the capital of the Incan Empire
Cuzco
Who was Ibn Battita?
A Moroccan legal scholar who traveled extensively and recorded his observation
How were luxury goods transported during this period?
Overland on the silk Roads
What were the affects of the spread of Mongol control?
They laid political foundation for a surge in long-distance trade
What new products created a new impact during this period?
Cotton, sugarcane ,gunpowder
Where did gunpowder originate from?
China
What were the affects of the bubonic plague?
Reduced population and trade, revolts of peasants, persecution of Jews, loss of church prestige
Who was Zheng He?
And Imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships to the Indian Ocean from southeast Asia to Africa
