Ch 23-28 Studyguide Flashcards
What technologies were adapted by the Chinese?
Magnetic compass
What technologies played a role in overseas exploration what were their advantages?
Sternpost rudder and two types of sails. Navigational instruments: magnetic compass and astrolabe
Columbian Exchange: What were the long term effects of the Colombian Exchange?
Tobacco was harmful to health; it led to slavery of Africans. Famine led to immigration to colonies. Gold and silver led to inflation in Europe and Spain. Diseases led to decline of native population.
What types of goods were exchanged? Where were they exchanged?
Plants, food crops, animals. Americas and Europe
How was Portugal able to maintain its early domination of trade?
They controlled trade in the Indian Ocean and their naval superiority.
What was the relationship between the Spanish, religion and native peoples?
Many native peoples started to convert to Christianity. Spanish and natives intermarried.
Who was the largest contingent of migrants between 1500 and 1800?
Enslaved Africans transported involuntarily to South/North America and Caribbean destinations.
By 1750, what parts of the world were participating in the global trade network dominated by Europeans?
All parts of the world except Australia.
What was stimulus behind the Luther’s 95 theses?
The church’s sale of Indulgences
Why did the Catholic Church sell indulgences?
Reconstruction of Saint Peter’s basilica in Rome.
What were the characteristics of the Reformation in England? How did it differ from the other movements?
Henry VIII severed all relations with the Catholic Church and made himself Supreme Head of the Anglican Church.
What caused the explosion of Witch Hunting in the 16th C?
The theory that developed by theologians that witches derived their power from the devil.
What European states developed constitutional governments in the 17th C?
England and the Netherlands
What were the best examples of absolutist states in Europe? How did the rulers exert their power?
France, through the army monarchs take over control.
Who was responsible of the use of moveable type in Europe?
Johannes Gutenber
What was the counter-reformation? What was its purpose?
The counter-reformation was the Catholic Church’s series of reforms in a response to the spread of Protestantism.
What was the general European sentiment towards religion prior to 1500?
Many people doubted the Catholic Church’s ability to provide spiritual leadership.
What were the characteristics of the Putting- Out System?
Unfinished materials were delivered to rural households for production.
Who were the important figures of the Scientific Revolution and The Enlightenment? What were their findings, ideas, works, etc.?
Nicolaus Copernicus proposed the heliocentric theory. Johannes Kepler improved Copernicus’ theory. Isaac Newton discovered the laws of gravity. Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Voltaire.
What were the different social groups in the Spanish Americas? What do the different groups represent?
The king ruled from Spain. The viceroys were sent by the king to rule the Americas. The creoles were the offspring of the Spanish and were owners of haciendas. The mestizos were mixed Spanish and native offspring. Slaves were pure African and bi-racial.
Who were the major conquerors of the Inca and Aztecs? What was the most important factor in Incan and Aztec defeat?
Hernan Cortes conquered the Aztecs. He Spanish formed military alliances with other indigenous people who were enemies of the Aztecs. Francisco Pizarro conquered the Incas. The Spanish took advantage of vulnerabilities created by internal conflict.
Who administered colonies for the Spanish?
Viceroys
