Ch. 22– Antihypertensive Drugs Flashcards
What are Antihypertensive drugs?
Medications used to treat hypertension.(P. 349)
What are Alpha-1 blockers?
Drugs that primarily cause arterial and venous dilation through their action on peripheral sympathetic neurons. (P. 351)
What is cardiac output?
The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle. Measured in L/ min.
What are centrally acting adrenergic drugs?
Drugs that modify the function of the sympathetic nervous system in the brain by stimulating alpha-2 receptors. Alpha-2 receptors are inhibitory in nature and thus have a reversed sympathetic effect and cause decreased blood pressure.
What is essential hypertension?
Elevated systemic arterial pressure for which no cause can be found; a.k.a. primary hypertension.
What is orthostatic hypotension?
A common adverse effect of the adrenergic blocking drugs involving a sudden drop in blood pressure when a person changes position, especially when rising from a seated a horizontal position.
What does prodrug mean?
A drug that is in active and it’s given form, and which must be metabolized to its active form in the body, generally by the liver, to be effective.
What is secondary hypertension?
High blood pressure caused by another disease such as renal, pulmonary, endocrine, or vascular disease.
What are the four stages of hypertension?
– Based on blood pressure measurements
- Normal
- Prehypertension
- Stage 1 hypertension
- Stage 2 hypertension
P. 348
What is the formula for blood pressure?
CO X systemic vascular resistance = blood-pressure
What are the seven main categories of pharmacologic drugs used for hypertension?
- Diuretics
- Adrenergic drugs
- Vasodilators
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
- Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)
- Calcium channel blockers (CRBs)
- Direct renin inhibitors
P 349
