CH 21 Pharmacology Flashcards by Clara W

Physical and psychological dependence on a subsance

addiction

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drug action in which the cmbination of two similar drugs is equal to the sum of the effects of each

additive action

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particles of drug suspended in air an inhaled

aerosol

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exaggerated hypersensitivity reactoin to a previously encountered drug or foreign protein

aaphylaxis

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combination of two drugs gives lass than an additive effect

antagonistic action

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agent given to counteract an unwaned effect of a drug

antidote

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commercial name for a drug

brand name

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chemical formula for a drug

chemical name

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factors that prevent the use of a drug with prolongd use

dependence

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amount of drug administered, usually measured in milligrams

dose

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government agency having the legal responsibility for enforcing proper drug manufacture and clinical use.

Food and Drug Administration. (FDA)

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legal noncommercial name for a drug

generic name

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condiditon caused by treatment given by physicians or medical personel.

iatrogenic

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unexpected effect produced in a particularly sensitive patient but not seen in most people

idiosyncratic reaction

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administration of drugs in gaseous or vapor form through the nose or mouth

inhalation

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study of new drug synthesis, relationship between chemical structure and biological effects.

medicinal chemistry

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study of interaction of drugs and their target molecules such as enzymes, or cell surface receptors.

molecular pharmacology

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drugs given by mouth

oral administration

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drug are given by injection into the skin, muscles, or veins

parenteral administraton

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specialist in preparing and dispensing drugs

pharmacist

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location for preparing and dispensing drugs

pharmacy

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study of drug effects within the body

pharmacodynamics

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study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolisim, and excretion over a period of time

pharmacokinetics

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specialist in the study of properties, uses and side effects of drugs

pharmacology

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reference book that lists drug products

Physicians' Desk Reference PDR

target substance with which a drug interacts in the body

receptor

drugs are inserted through the anus into the rectum

rectal administration

lack of beneficial effect of a drug

response

exact timing and frequency of drug administration

schedule

adverse reaction, usually minor, that routinely results from the use of a drug.

side effect

drugs are given by plaement under the toungue

sublingual administration

combimation of two drugs drugs causes an effect that is greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug alone.

synergism

instrument for introducing or withdrawing fluids from the body

syringe

larger and larger drug doses must be given to achieve the desired effect

tolerance

drugs are applied locally on the skin or mucous membranes of the body

topical application

harmful effects of a drug

toxicity

study of harmful chemicals and their effects on the body

toxicology

movement of a drug across a cell membrane into body cells

transport

authorative list of drugs , formulas, and preparations that sets a standard for drug manufacturing and dispensing

United states pharmacopeia

substance found in foods and essential in small quantities for groth and good health

vitamin

lowers blood pressure by dialatin blood vessels. Blocks the conversion of engiotensin I and Angiotensin II

ACE inhibitor

central nervous system stimulant

amphetamine

relieves pain

analgesic

male hormone

androgen

reduces or eliminates sensation; general and local

anesthetic

lowers blood pressure by preventing angiotensin from acting on receptors in blood vessels

angiotensin II receptor blocker

neutralizes acid in the stomach

antacid

blocs the formation of androgens or interferd with thier effect in tissure

antiandrogen

treats abnormal heart rythims

antiarrhythmic

chemical substance, produced by a plant or microorganism, that has the ability to inhibit or destry foreign organisms in the body.

antibiotic

prevents blod clotting

anticoagulant

prevents convulusions

anticonvulant

relieves symptoms of depression

antidepressant

drug given to prevent or treat diabeties mellitus

antidiabetic

prevents diarrhea

antidiarrehal

prevents nausea

antiemetic

blocks the action of histamine and helps prevent symptoms of allergy

antihistamine

relieves nausea and vomiting

antnauseant

reduces the tendency of platelets to stick together and form a clot

antiplatelet

inhibits the secretion of scid by cells linign the stomach

antiulcer

acts against viruses

antiviral

reduces estrogen in the blood by blocking the enzyme aromatase

aromatase inhibitor

kills bacteria

bactericidal

blocks the action of epenephrine at sites on receptors of heart muscle cells, the muscle lining of blood vessels, and bronchial tubes.

beta-blocker

prevents bone loss in osteoporosis

biphosphonate

central nervous system stimulant, found in coffee and tea

caffeine

blocks the entrance of calcium into heart muscle and muscle linging of blood vessels

calcium channel blocker

increases the force of contraction of the heart

cardiac glycoside

acts on the heart and blood vessels

cardiovascular drug

relieves constipation

cathartic

binds to dietary cholesterol and prevents its uptake rrom the gastro intestinal tract

cholesterol-binding drug

lowers cholestrol by preventing its production by the liver

cholestrol-lowering drug

increases the production of urine and thus reduces the volume of fluid in the body

diuretic

peomotes vomiting

emetic

hormone or hormone like drug

emetic

feamale hormone that promotes secondary sex characteristics and support reproductive tissues

estrogen

relieves symptoms of diseases in the gastrointestinal tract.

gastrointestinal drug

hormone from the adrenal cortex that raises blood sugar and reduces infammation

glucocorticoid

produces sleep or a trance-like state

hypnotic

weak cathartic

laxative

habit-forming drug that relieves pain by producing stupor of insensibility

narcotic

female hormone that stimulates the uterine lining during pregnancy and is also used in treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding and for hormone replacement therapy

progestin

relieves constipation

purgative

treats asthma, emmphysema, and infections of the respiratory system.

respiratory drug

mildly hyptnotic drug that relaxes without necessarily producing sleep

sedative

excites and promotes activity

stimulant

stimulates cellular metaboilism

thyroid hormone

controls anxiety and severe disturbances of behavior

tranquilizer

aer/o

air

alges/o

sensitivity to pain

bronch/o

brochial tube

chem/o pharmac/o

drug

cras/o

mixture

cutane/o derm/o

skin

erg/o

work

esthes/o

feeling, sensation

hist/o

tissue

hypn/o

sleep

iatr/o

treatment

lingu/o

tongue

myc/o

mold, fungus

narc/o

stupor

or/o

mouth

prurit/o

itching

pyret/o

fever

thec/o

sheath

tox/o toxic/o

poison

vas/o

vessel

ven/o

vein

vit/o

life

ana-

again, upward, excessive

anti-

against

contra-

opposite, against

par-

other than, apart from

syn-

together, with