CH 18 Endocrine System Flashcards by Clara W

Outer section (cortex) if each adrenal gland. Secretes cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones.

Adrenal Cortex

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Inner section (medulla) of each adrenal gland. Secretes epinephrine adn norepinephrine.

Adrenal Medulla

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Located in the lower adomen of a female. Responsible for egg production and estrogen and progestrone secretion.

Ovaries

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Located behind the stomach. Secretes enzymes into the small intestine to aid digestion, secretes hormones, and also contains cells that are exocrine in function.

Pancreas

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Located at the base of the brain in the sella turcica.

Pituitary Gland (hypophysis)

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Four small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland.

Parathyroid Glands

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Two glands enclosed int he scrotal sac of a male, responsible for sperm production and testosterone secretion.

Testes

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Located in the neck on either side of the trachea, secretes thyroxine, triiodothyroxine, and calcitonin.

Thyroid Gland

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Secreted by the adrenal medulla.

Adrenaline (epinephrine)

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Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates the adrenal cortex.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

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Secreted by the adrenal cortex, increases salt reabsorption.

Aldosterone

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Male hormone secreted by the testes.

Androgen

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Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; maintains blood pressure, blood volume, and tissue water content. Also called Vasopressin.

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

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Secreted y the thyroid gland, decreases blood calcium levels.

Calcitonin

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Secreted by the adrenal cortex, increases blood sugar; also called the stress hormone.

Cortisol

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Secreted by the adrenal medulla, increases heart rate and blood pressure and dilates airways

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

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Estrogen secreted by the ovaries

Estradol

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Secreted by anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, stimulated hormone secretion and egg production byt he ovaries and sperm production of the testes.

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

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Secreted by alpha islet cells of the pancreas, increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen into glucose.

Glucagon

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Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, stimulates growth of bones and soft tissues.

Growth Hormone (GH) Somatotrophin

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Secreted by the beta islet cells of the pancreas, helps glucose pass into cells and promotes the conversions of glucose into glycogen.

Insulin

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Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone in males.

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

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Secreted by the adrenal medulla, increases heart rate and blood pressure.

Norepinephrine

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Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, stimluates contraction of the uterus during child birth.

Oxytocin

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Secreted by the parathyroid glands, increases blood calcium.

Parathormone (PTH)

Secreted by the ovaries, prepares he uterus for pregnancy.

Progesterone

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, promotes milk secretion.

Prolactin

Growth hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of hte pituitary gland

Somatotrophin

Male hormone secreted by the testes.

Testosterone

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, acts on the thyroid gland to promote its functioning.

THyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Thyrotropin

Secreted by the thyroid gland, also called tetraiodothyronine.

Thyroxine (T4)

Secreted by the thyroid gland, increases metabolizism in cells along with T4

Triiodothyronine (T3)

Secreted by the posterior lobe of hte pituitary gland, increases water reabsorption and raises blood pressure

Vasopressin

Hormones derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla.

Catecholamines

Hormones produced by the adrenal cortex

Corticosteroids

Mineral salt found in teh blood and tissues and necessary for proper functioning of cells.

Electrolyte

Steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex, regluated glucose, fat, and protein metabloism.

Glucocorticoid

Tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment

Homeostasis

Chemical, secreted by an endocrine gland, that travels through the blood to a distant organ where is influences the structure or function of that organ or gland.

Hormone

Steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex to regulatee mineral salts and water balance in the body.

Mineralocorticoid

Cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited.

Receptor

Cavity at the base of the skull, contains the pituitary gland

Sella Turicica

Steroids produced by the adrenal cortex to influence male and female sexual characteristics

Sex Hormones

Complex substance related to fats and of which many hormones are made of.

Steroid

Pertaining to mimicking of copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system.

Sympathomimetic

Cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones.

Target Tissue

Aden/o

gland

Adrenal/o

adrenal gland

Gonad/o

Sex glands

Pancreat/o

pancreas

Parathyroid/o

parathyroid gland

Pituitar/o

pitutary gland; hypophysis

thyr/o, thyroid/o

thyroid gland

cortic/o

cortex, outer region

crin/o

secrete

disp/o

thirst

estr/o

female

gluc/o

sugar

home/o

sameness

hormon/o

hormone

kal/i

potassium

lact/o

milk

myx/o

mucus

natr/o

sodium

phys/o

growing

somat/o

body

ster/o

soild structure

toc/o

childbirth

toxic/o

poison

ur/o

urine

-agon

assemble, gather together

-emia

blood condition

-in, -ine

substance

-tropin

stimulating the function of

-uria

urine condition

eu-

good, normal

hyper-

excessive, above

hypo-

deficient, below

oxy-

rapid, sharpe, acid

pan-

all

poly-

many or increased

tetra-

four

tri-

three

over activity of the thyroid gland.

Hyperthyroidism

Under activity of the thyroid gland.

Hypothyroidism

Cancer of the thyroid gland

Thyroid Carcinoma

Excessive production of the parathormone

Hyperparathyroidism

Deficient production of parathyroid hormone.

Hypoparathyroidism

Excessive secretion of adrenal androgens; causes masculine features in women.

Adrenal virilism

Group of signs and symptoms produced by excess cortisol from the adrenal cortex.

Cushing syndrome

Hypofunctioning of the adrenal cortex; a disease in which the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones.

Addison disease

Benign tumor of the adrenal medulla, tumor cells stain a dark or dusky (phe/o) color (chrom/o)

Pheochromocytoma

Excess secretion of insulin causing hypoglycemia

Hyperinsulinism

Lack of insulin secretion or resistance of insulin in promoting sugar, starch, and fat metabolism in cells.

Diabeted Mellitus (DM)

Hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary after puberty, leading to enlargement of extremities.

Acromegaly

Hypersecretion of growth hormone form the anterior pituitary before puberty, leading to abnormal overgrowth of body tissues

Gigantism

Congential hyposecretion of growth hormone, hypopituitary dwarfism.

Dwarfism

Deficiency of all pituitary hormones

Panhypopituitarism

Excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone

Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH)

Insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)

Diabetes Insipidus

Also known as fasting blood sugar test, measures circulating glucose level in a patient who has fasted at least 8 hours

Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

Measurement of hormones, electrolytes,glucose, and other substances in serum (blood) and urine as indicators of endocrine function

Serum and Urine Tests

Measurement of T3, T4, and TSH in the blood stream

Thyroid Function tests

Measurement of eyeball protrusion with an exophthalmometer

Exophthalmometry

Scanner detects radioactivity and visualizes the thyroid gland

Thyroid Scan

Sound waves show images of endocrine organs.

Ultrasound Examination