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OST14N01 Med Terms II > CH 19 Oncology > Flashcards

CH 19 Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

Forming large open spaces with fluid.

A

Cystic

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2
Q

Mushrooming patter of growth in which tumor cells pile on top of another and project from a tissue surface.

A

Fungating

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3
Q

Having the features of inflammation (redness, swelling, and heat).

A

Inflammatory

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4
Q

Large, soft, fleshy tumors.

A

Medullary

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5
Q

Containing dead tissue.

A

Necrotic

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6
Q

Characterized by an open, exposed surface from the death of overlying tissue.

A

Ulcerating

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7
Q

Resembling a wart-like growth.

A

Verrucous

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8
Q

Tumor cells form patterns resembling small sacs; commonly found in tumors or muscle, bone, fat, and cartlidge.

A

Alveolar

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9
Q

Referring to localized tumor cells that have not invaded adjacent structures.

A

Carcinoma in situ

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10
Q

Spreading evenly throughout the affected tissue.

A

Diffuse

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11
Q

Containing abnormal-appearing cells that are not clearly cancerous.

A

Dysplastic

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12
Q

Resembling squamous epithelial cells (thin, plate-like), often occurring in the respiratory tract.

A

Epidermoid

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13
Q

Forming glandular sacs.

A

Follicular

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14
Q

Forming small, finger like or nipple-like projections of cells.

A

Papillary

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15
Q

Composed of a variety of types of cell.

A

Pleomorphic

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16
Q

Densely packed tumors, due to bands of fibrous tissue.

A

Scirrhous

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17
Q

Lacking microscopic structures typical of normal mature cells.

A

Undifferentiated

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18
Q

Disctruction of tissue by burning.

A

Cauterization

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19
Q

Placement of a large bore needle that extracts a thin core of tissue.

A

Core needle biopsy

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20
Q

Use of subfreezing temperatures to destroy tissue

A

Cryosurgery

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21
Q

Tumor is removed along with a large areaof surrounding tissue containing lymph nodes.

A

En bloc resection

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22
Q

Removal of tumor and a margin of normal tissue . Provides a specimen for diagnosis or can be curative for small noninvasive tumors.

A

Excisional biopsy

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23
Q

Wide resection involving removal of the tumor, its organ of origin, adn all surrounding tissue.

A

Exteneration

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24
Q

Placement of a very thin needle inside the tumor mass and extracting cells for microscopic.

A

Fine needle aspiration

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25
Q

Destruction of tissue by electric sparks generated bt a high frequency current.

A

Fulgeration

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26
Q

Piece of tumor is removed for examination to establish a diagnosis.

A

Incisional biopsy

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27
Q

Inplanation of a small, sealed containers or seeds of radioactive material directly into the tumor, or ina cavity of the tumor. Implant may be temporary or permanent.

A

Brachytherapy.

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28
Q

Low-energy beams for treatment of skin or surface tumors.

A

Electron beams

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29
Q

Radiation therapy applied to a tumor from a distant source.

A

External beam irradiation

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30
Q

Dimesions of the size of radiation are used to treat a tumor from a specific angle.

A

Fields

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31
Q

A method of dividing radiation into small, repeated doses rather than fewer large doses. Allows larger total doses to be given while causing less damage to normal tissue

A

Fractionation

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32
Q

Unit of absorbed radiation dose.

A

Gray (Gy)

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33
Q

Large electronic device that produced high-energy x-ray (or photon) beams for the treatment of deep-seated tumors

A

Linear accelerator

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34
Q

Radiation therapy using x-rays or gamma rays.

A

Photon therapy

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35
Q

Small subatomic positively charged particles produced by a cyclotron deposit all the energy at a focused finite point. Reduces the dose affecting the normal surrounding tissue by 50%.

A

Proton therapy

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36
Q

Tumor that can be completely eradicated by radiation therapy.

A

Radiocurable tumor

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37
Q

Tumor that requires large doses of radiation to produce death of the cells.

A

Radioresistant tumors

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38
Q

Tumor in which irradiation can cause the death of cells without serious damage to the surrounding tissue.

A

Radiosensitive tumor

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39
Q

Drugs that increase the sinisitivity of tumors to x-rays.

A

Radiosensitizers

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40
Q

An imaging study performed before radiation therapy using CT and MRI scans to map the area to recieve treatment.

A

Simulation

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41
Q

Single large dose of radiation delivered under precise three-dimensional guidance from multiple angles to destroy vascular abnormalities and small brain tumors.

A

Stereotactic Radiosurgery

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42
Q

Drugs that are given after primary therapy.

A

Adjuvant Chemotherapy

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43
Q

Chemotheraputic synthetic drugs that cause crosslinks and breaks in DNA to stop cells from dividing.

A

Alkyating agents

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44
Q

Loss if defferentiation of cells; reversion to a more primitive cell type.

A

Anaplasia

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45
Q

Chemotheraputic drugs found in bacteria and fungi, which cause breaks in DNA strands to inhibit cell division.

A

Antibiotics

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46
Q

Chemotheraputic chemicals that block the synthesis of DNA componets and prevent cells from dividing.

A

Antimetabolites

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47
Q

Chemotheraputic chemicals that block the function of a protein necessary for mitosis.

A

Antimitoics

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48
Q

Programmed cell death.

A

Apoptosis

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49
Q

Noncancerous growth.

A

Benign tumor

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50
Q

Agents that cause cancer; chemicals and drugs, radiation, and viruses.

A

Carcinogens.

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51
Q

Cancerous tumor made up of cells of epithelial origin.

A

Carcinoma

52
Q

Treatment with drugs

A

Chemotherapy

53
Q

Loss of differenation of cells

A

Dedifferentiation

54
Q

Specialization of cells

A

Differenatiation

55
Q

Dimensions of the area of the body undergoing irradiation

A

Fields

56
Q

Giving radiation in small, repeated doses

A

Fractionization

57
Q

Patients and family members are tested to determine wheather they have inherrited a cancer-causing gene.

A

Genetic screening

58
Q

Evaluating the degree of maturity (or differenation) of tumor cells

A

Grading if tumors

59
Q

Visual apperance of the tumor to the naked eye

A

Gross discription of tumors

60
Q

Cancer treatment using immune ells and antibodies to kill tumor cells

A

Immunotherpy

61
Q

Extending beyond normal tissue boundaries

A

Infiltrative

62
Q

Having the ability to enter and destroy surrounding tissue

A

invasive

63
Q

Tumor having the characteristics of continous growth, invasiveness and metastasis

A

Malignant tumor

64
Q

Apperance of tumors when viewed under a microscope.

A

Microscopic description of tumors

65
Q

Tumors composed of different types of tissue

A

Mixed-tissue tumors

66
Q

Method of treatment.

A

Modality

67
Q

Use of drugs to attack specific targets that drive cancer cell growth.

A

Molecularly targeted therapy

68
Q

Condition of being unwell or deficient in normal function

A

Morbidity

69
Q

Containing mucous

A

Mucinous

70
Q

Change in the genetic material of a cell

A

Mutation

71
Q

Drugs are given before primary therapy to reduce the size of the tumor

A

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy

72
Q

New growth

A

neoplasm

73
Q

Region of DNA in tumor cells or in viruses that cause cancer.

A

Oncogene

74
Q

Releving but not curing symptoms

A

Pallative

75
Q

Possesing a stem or stalk; characteristic of some polypoid tumors

A

Pedunculated

76
Q

Detailed plan for treatment of an illness.

A

Protocol

77
Q

Energy carried by a stream of particles

A

Radiation

78
Q

Recurence of tumor after treatment

A

Relapse

79
Q

Partial of complete disappearance of symptoms of disease.

A

Remission

80
Q

Cancerous tumor derived from connective or flesh tissue

A

Sarcoma

81
Q

HAving the apperance of thin watery fluid

A

Serous

82
Q

Having no stem

A

Sessile

83
Q

Peices of DNA from viruses that infect a normal cell and cause it to become malignant

A

Viral Oncogenes

84
Q

Alvel/o

A

small sac

85
Q

cac/o

A

bad

86
Q

carcin/o

A

cancerous

87
Q

cauter/o

A

burn

88
Q

chem/o

A

chemical, drug

89
Q

cry/o

A

cold

90
Q

cyst/o

A

sac of fluid

91
Q

fibr/o

A

fibers

92
Q

follicul/o

A

small glandular sacs

93
Q

fung/i

A

fungus

94
Q

medull/o

A

inner part, soft

95
Q

mucos/o

A

mucous membrane

96
Q

mut/a

A

genetic change

97
Q

mutagen/o

A

causing genetic change

98
Q

necr/o

A

death

99
Q

onc/o

A

tumor

100
Q

papill/o

A

nipple-like

101
Q

plas/o

A

formation

102
Q

ple/o

A

many

103
Q

prot/o

A

first

104
Q

scirrh/o

A

hard

105
Q

-blastoma

A

immature tumor

106
Q

-plasia, -plasm

A

growth, formation

107
Q

-supression

A

stop

108
Q

-therapy

A

treatmetn

109
Q

ana-

A

backward

110
Q

apo-

A

off, away

111
Q

brachy-

A

short distance

112
Q

epi-

A

upon

113
Q

meta-

A

beyond, change

114
Q

neo-

A

new

115
Q

tele-

A

far

116
Q

Chromosomes of normal or tumor cells are examined for breaks, translocations, or deletionss

A

cytogenetic analysis

117
Q

Localization of antigens or proteins in tissues using labeled antibodies.

A

Immunohistochemistry

118
Q

Measure the level or proteins in the blood or on the surface ot tumor cells.

A

Protein marker tests

119
Q

Aspiration of bone marrow tissue and examination under a microscope or evidence of malignant cells.

A

Bone marrow biopsy

120
Q

Bone marrow or stem cells are infused intraveniously into a patient.

A

Bone marrow/stem cell transplanation

121
Q

Cells are scraped from a region of suspected disease and examined under a microscope

A

exfolitative cytology

122
Q

Visual examination of the colon using a fiberoptic instrument

A

Fiberoptic Colonoscopy

123
Q

Visual examination of the abdominal cavity using a small incisions and a laparoscope.

A

Laparoscopy

124
Q

X-ray examination of the breast to detect breast cancer.

A

Mammography.

125
Q

Radioactive substances are injected intraveniously and scans of organs are obtained

A

Radionuclide scans

OST14N01 Med Terms II (11 decks)

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