Ch. 21 Immigration Flashcards
the process by which individuals move from one location, region, country, or city to another
migration
the act of leaving one’s country of birth to move to a new country
emigration
the movement of people across borders
immigration
host or destination countries where migrants go
receiving coutries
the country migrants were born in
sending country
the departure of a significant number of the most educated and skilled citizens, who go to live and work in other coutnries
brain drain
people settled far from their homeland
disapora
legal status specifying the terms and length under which someone may live another country
visa
government policies regulating the right of people to move into or out of a country
emigration and immigration policies
one who is allowed to live permanently in a country even though he or she is not a citizen
legal permanent resident (LPRs)
a person allowed to live in a country for a specified period of time
legal temporary resident
a person living in a country where he or she is not legally allowed to residue
unauthorized migrant
a form of protection that may be granted to people who have been persecuted or fear they will be persecuted on account of race, religion, nationality, political opinions, or membership in a particular social group
refugee status
a form of protection available to immigrants seeking admission to another country because of political violence or repression in their home country
asylum status
in the immigration process, the family member who is applying for the right to live in another country
principal
a visa status for an immigrant to the United States that allows its holder to live in the United States permanently but does not make that immigrant a citizen
green card
the process of becoming a citizen in a new country
naturalization
undocumented immigration
illegal immigration
the act of sending immigrants back to their country of origin
deportation
To escape Country X’s civil war and famine, those who have the courage frequently slip across the border to find a new place to live. In regard to immigration, Country X is a __________ country.
sending
To escape Country X’s civil war and famine, those who have the courage frequently slip across the border to find a new place to live. In regard to immigration, Country X is a __________ country
visa
Rosa has obtained a job and may enter the United States legally. She wants to bring her four children with her. Fortunately her children qualify for __________.
numerically unlimited legal permanent residents
Pierre wants to live in the United States and work as a chef. To do so he must obtain a __________ by getting a restaurant owner to sponsor him.
green card
How do children derive citizenship from their parents?
It is automatic for children who are LPRs, unmarried, under the age of 18, and in their parents’ legal and physical custody.
the period before 1875, in which immigration into the United States was essentially unregulated by the U.S. government
first immigration era
the period between 1875 and 1920, in which the United States made its first attempt to establish some restrictions on immigration
second immigration era
the period from 1921 to 1965, in which the United States tightly controlled immigration into the United States using strict quotes on entry from different countries
third immigration era
a set of agreements between the United States and Mexico from 1942 to 1964 to import temporary workers from Mexico
Bracero Program
in the period since 1965 in the United States, allowable immigration has been subject to a series of restrictions on immigration from both the Eastern and Western Hemispheres but without specific national origins quotas
fourth immigration era
How does the United States provide for immigration on humanitarian grounds?
Refugee- or asylum-status immigrants may adjust to LPR status after residence requirements are met.
How did some U.S. states attract immigrants in the first immigration era?
By advertising that immigrants could vote in federal, state, and local elections without naturalizing.
What was a result of the Immigration Act of May 26, 1924 (also known as the National Origins Act)?
The U.S. Border Patrol, with the mission of deterring illegal entries, was created.
What ushered in the fourth immigration era?
The Immigration Act of 1965.
In what year did the U.S. federal government mandate the building of a mammoth fence between the United States and Mexico?
1994
when an individual decides to leave a country because of something that is making her or him unhappy
push factor
in the immigration context, when an individual’s motivation to move to another country is based on the perceived attractions of life in the new country
pull factor
the special skills and determination brought to a country by migrants, who may be especially motivated to succeed
migrant energy
when individuals have the opportunity to choose to be in some condition, those making that choice may be different than those who do not make that choice
self-selected
an individual who leaves a place to live in another
mover
one who chooses not to leave
stayers
What are tied movers and tied stayers?
Tied movers have a low desire to move and tied stayers have a high desire to move.
The saying goes that if you really want something, you are willing to work hard to get it. In what way does this apply to migration?
Migrant Energy
In the World War II era, skilled Jewish-German scientists wanted very must to go to the United States to save their lives and do their work. The _________ on these skills was positive.
Selection
Sociologists consider __________ when explaining factors that impact the desire to move.
Personal Characteristics
Results from the U.S. New Immigrant Survey indicate that ___________.
There are a wide range of different motivation s to move to the United States.
the process by which immigrants come to be incorporated into their new society by taking on the cultural tastes and practices of the new society
assimilation
a broad definition of a person’s social class based on components such as education, income, and occupation
socioeconomic status (SES)
when significant numbers of people from the same group, such as a racial or ethnic group, live in the same physical location, such as a neighborhood or city
spatial concentration
marriage between people in different social groups
intermarriage
a place where people of a particular ethnicity live in high concentration
ethnic enclave
Which of these would be the most likely result of living in an ethnic enclave?
Limited job opportunities
What reduces the likelihood of passing on the culture of one’s country of origin to the next generation?
Intermarriage
Historically, how did ethnic enclaves develop?
People were forced to live with others of similar racial and ethnic backgrounds.
One subset of diversity immigrants, ______, are highly accomplished, with some of the highest average schooling and rates of English fluency.
Blacks born in Africa
Which of these might hinder immigrant assimilation?
High spatial concentration
Which of these would be the most likely result of living in an ethnic enclave?
Limited job opportunities
What reduces the likelihood of passing on the culture of one’s country of origin to the next generation?
Intermarriage
Historically, how did ethnic enclaves develop?
People were forced to live with others of similar racial and ethnic backgrounds.
One subset of diversity immigrants, __________, are highly accomplished, with some of the highest average schooling and rates of English fluency.
Blacks born in Africa
Which of these might hinder immigrant assimilation?
High spatial concentration
the children of immigrants
second generation
the process by which a migrant sends money to family or friends in his or her home country
migrant remittance
the transfer of money from an immigrant back home, or to an immigrant from her or his family back home
transfers
Which group of immigrant children will become the most accomplished citizens?
Second generation
President Bush’s study of immigration indicated that the effects of the immigrant population on citizens are generally more positive than negative. Why?
Highly skilled science and technical professionals have a positive impact
What is true about second-generation children in the United States?
They are considered golden children.
What percentage of PhD scientists working in the United States were born abroad?
40 Percent
Which country is number one in terms of immigrants sending remittances?
The United States
What did the report carried out by George W. Bush’s Council of Economic Advisers find?
U.S. citizens benefit from immigration
With the exception of the second generation, why is each successive generation potentially worse off than the previous one?
they do not inherit the migrant energy
former ethnic enclave that is now a diverse neighborhood
Little Italy in New York City
What does the New Immigrant Survey offer?
a systematic study of assimilation data
What was the aim of the Diversity Visa Program?
made visas available for African immigrants
Physical presence in the United States, knowledge of English, and “good moral character” are parts of the process of __________.
becoming a naturalized citizen
What is the difference between refugee and asylum statuses?
Refugees status is sought by someone outside the US whereas asylum status is for someone already on U.S soil.
Example of enforced importation
migrating slaves in the 18th/19th centuries
What process provides the foundation for a sociological approach to immigration as a whole?
migration
Ramona has very little desire to move to the United States, but she knows that her job opportunities are much higher there. Jacob Mincer would call her a ___________.
tied mover
What help in assimilating might immigrants have access to in the United States?
networks of naturalized citizens or natives
While unification of families and helping the poor are the stated goals of the immigration process, in reality, it seems to be about ___________.
money
What is the average gain in earnings from the last job abroad to the first in the United States for men and women?
68 percent for men; 62 percent for women
sending money home to the native country
remittance
Which of the following statements is true regarding the relationship between the United States and Mexico?
increased border control keeps many Mexican immigrants in the United States
