Ch. 11 Race and Ethnicity

Question 1

the view that members of a group share a fundamental, inherited, innate, and fixed quality or characteristic

Answer 1

essentialism

Question 2

a system for classifying people who are believed to share common descent, based on perceived cultural similarities

Answer 2

ethnicity

Question 3

a system for classifying people who are believed to share common descent, based on perceived innate physical similarities

Answer 3

race

Question 4

When did a color-coded hierarchy of racial thought develop in the Western world?

Answer 4

the fifteenth century

Question 5

The ________ is a custom that became enshrined in many state laws around the turn of the century to identify a persons race

Answer 5

one drop rule

Question 6

According to Max Weber, the definition of ethnicity is more _________ than that of race

Answer 6

subjective

Question 7

Racial groups tend to be associated with ___________.

Answer 7

continents

Question 8

Which distinction would be most important legally and politically throughout US history?

Answer 8

whether one is white or Asian

Question 9

the view that social categories such as race or gender are social creations, not biological facts

Answer 9

constructivism

Question 10

the process by which immigrants come to be incorporated into their new society by taking on the cultural taste and practices of the new society

Answer 10

assimilation

Question 11

In Brazil, race is defined in such a way that _________.

Answer 11

Siblings can be assigned different race labels

Question 12

European, African, and East Asian ancestries are generally the focus of genetic genealogy firms in _________.

Answer 12

the United States

Question 13

A person who is raised in Sweden and then moves to Japan and takes on the customs and behaviors of Japanese people is a person who has _________.

Answer 13

assimilated

Question 14

The wave of European immigrants to the United States in the late 1800s changed the definition of who is _________.

Answer 14

white

Question 15

In which example is a person with nonwhite ancestry most likely to be considered white by the dominant class?

Answer 15

Aboriginal people in Australia

Question 16

prejudice and/or discrimination against individuals who are members or particular racial or ethnic groups, often drawing on negative stereotypes about the group

Answer 16

racism

Question 17

negative beliefs or attitudes held about entire groups based on subjective, selective, or inaccurate information

Answer 17

prejudice

Question 18

a simplified generalization about a group that is often false or exaggerated

Answer 18

stereotype

Question 19

any behavior, practice, or policy that harms, excludes, or disadvantages individuals on the basis of their group membership

Answer 19

discrimination

Question 20

the killing of someone by a group, without a trial or due process, for some specified behavior

Answer 20

lynching

Question 21

the deliberate and systematic killing of a category of people

Answer 21

genocide

Question 22

action carried out by an individual or small group that harms, excludes, or disadvantages members of a certain group

Answer 22

individual discrimination

Question 23

prejudice based on stereotypes that can be activated without an individual’s being consciously aware of holding them

Answer 23

implicit prejudice or bias

Question 24

occurs when the actions or policies of organizations or social institutions exclude, disadvantage, or harm members of particular groups

Answer 24

institutional (or structural) discrimination

Question 25

Describing the Japanese as frugal is an example of __________.

Answer 25

a stereotype

Question 26

The 1790 naturalization law is an example of ___________.

Answer 26

Institutionalized discrimination

Question 27

Which of the following people would have the most difficulty getting hired for a job?

Answer 27

A black man with a prison record

Question 28

A sociological theory of why racism occurs would consider ___________.

Answer 28

The ways we are socialized into racism

Question 29

The impact of having a stereotypical "black name" when applying for a job is most harmful at which level?

Answer 29

executive work

Question 30

a poor, isolated neighborhood, often formed as the result of residential segregation in which members of a poor or low-status racial, ethnic, or religious group are compelled to live in the same place

Answer 30

ghetto

Question 31

a concept that refers to the advantages of being white versus non-White

Answer 31

white privilege

Question 32

government policies regarding employment and education that seek to increase the representation of minorities and women in field from which they have historically been excluded

Answer 32

affirmative action

Question 33

At what point did the income difference between white and nonwhite families stagnate, ceasing to become more level?

Answer 33

The 1970s.

Question 34

Which group has the highest rate of educational attainment in the United States?

Answer 34

Asian Americans.

Question 35

Which of the following is an example of "soft" affirmative action?

Answer 35

Advertisements recruiting racial minorities to colleges

Question 36

Ghettos refer to _________.

Answer 36

Poor, racially segregated neighborhoods.

Question 37

Which of the following statements accurately relates race and contemporary political participation?

Answer 37

A large percentage of African Americans are not allowed to vote because of felony records.

Question 38

When did the United States become a multiracial society?

Answer 38

from the start

Question 39

Which of the following is considered an ethnic rather than a racial category by the U.S. government?

Answer 39

Hispanic

Question 40

Which of the following is a group that is included in a "beige minority"?

Answer 40

light-skinned latinos

Question 41

How is the retirement of the baby boom generation likely to affect race relations?

Answer 41

More nonwhites will enter the job market and take the relatively good jobs held by the baby boomers.

Question 42

More than __________ percent of the individuals who marry in 2010 were newly wedded to someone of a different race or ethnicity

Answer 42

15

Question 43

What has contributed to a change in the attitudes of Americans towards interracial unions or multiracial people?

Answer 43

Policy shifts revising racial classifications and interracial unions changed public attitudes

Question 44

What factor is difficult to anticipate regarding demographic changes in the US for the 21st century?

Answer 44

How people identify themselves in racial and ethnic terms

Question 45

According to the "one drop rule", a person with three white grandparents and one black grandparent would be considered

Answer 45

black

Question 46

Which ethnic identity was formed most recently as a category in western thought

Answer 46

Hispanic

Question 47

Which of the following aspects of racism tends to be applied most broadly

Answer 47

prejudices

Question 48

What race is a Hispanic person most likely to select on US census documents

Answer 48

some other race

Question 49

Racial groupings in west Africa are mainly based on __________

Answer 49

whether one has noble ancestry

Question 50

How does having a criminal record impact job prospects of black Americans in comparison to white Americans?

Answer 50

the negative effects of a criminal record are 40% greater than for black job applicants than for white job applicants

Question 51

Why was the end of the civil rights movement significant?

Answer 51

the Voting Rights Act was passed, ending the struggle to secure political rights to minorities

Question 52

Winona is a native american of sioux origin. what race would she enter in her 2010 census document?

Answer 52

American Indian

Question 53

Which of the following affects how Alicia determines race when she sees a person

Answer 53

socialization affects her interpretation of physical descriptions

Question 54

Which of the following statements best explains the relationship between discrimination and subordinate groups?

Answer 54

discrimination maintains social hierarchies

Question 55

Which of the following uses explicit awareness of race in order to promote equality?

Answer 55

affirmative action

Question 56

Why do many middle-class blacks work in the government sector?

Answer 56

antidiscrimination laws are more easily enforced there

Question 57

For adapting, which identity might someone in the US receive the least scrutiny from people?

Answer 57

Irish