Ch. 17 - Crime, Deviance, and Social Control Flashcards
a collection of individuals formed around some kind of social identity or for some specific purpose
social group
the distinctions people make between themselves and others on the basis of taste, socioeconomic status, morality, or other differences
symbolic boundary
behavior that is different or unusual but not necessarily in violation of social norms
statistically deviant
behavior that violates the written or unwritten rules of society
socially deviant
to make or declare some action as normal or appropriate
normalize
a basic rule of society that helps us know what is and is not appropriate to do in a situation.
norms
The first lesson of dominance and social control _________.
from families
Manne lives, shops, and socializes in a neighborhood with many of his family members and other immigrants from the same part of the world. This neighborhood is his _________.
social group
Deviance and control always constitute a paired relationship, and it is always the _________ who determine what is normal and what is deviant.
more powerful
To be statistically deviant, a behavior has to _________.
be uncommon
Which of the following statements best represents the relationship between social norms and the norm of engagement?
An unwritten North American rule is to always be engaged with some object or person.
behavior that is guided by a belief about what is right and proper to do
moral behavior
the period from 1920 to 1933 in which the consumption or sale of alcohol was barred by a Constitutional amendment (repealed in 1933)
Prohibition
the United States’ effort to reduce the sale and consumption of illegal drugs by increasing police surveillance and punishment of drug offenders
war on drugs
What relationship exists between immigrants and prohibition?
Feeling threatened by new immigrants, prohibition was a move to reestablish traditional values that the upper middle class thought was slipping away.
President _________ instituted a crackdown on illegal substances by increasing surveillance and penalties.
Ronald Reagan
To buy morphine in 1899, one had to _________.
walk into a pharmacy and purchase it without a prescription
What is the distinction between interested and disinterested rule-making?
Interested rule-making is about privileged groups maintaining their wealth. Disinterested rule-making does not relate to wealth.
The launch of the Temperance Movement occurred in _________.
1873
a theory of deviance that stresses that many kinds of behaviors are deviant solely because they are labeled as such
labeling theory
illegal activities undertaken by businesses or by individuals working for corporations
white-collar crime
deviant behavior by governments or government agencies
state deviance
the U.S. government’s effort to combat terrorism, especially in the period since the attacks of September 11, 2001
war on terror
a type of warfare in which a weaker group challenges a more powerful group by attacking civilian targets of importance to the more powerful group
terrorism
a type of warfare in which an outmanned army hides from its larger opponent and engages in attacks only in situations where it thinks it can gain an advantage
guerilla warfare
a set of international agreements between countries about how prisoners of war are to be treated
Geneva Conventions
American colonists could be said to have started the tactic of _________ when they devised clever ways of attacking their more powerful enemy, the British Redcoats.
guerrilla warfare
Terrorism can be explained as _________,
Weaker individuals creating a more equal playing field
Ultimately, when wondering why and how behaviors are punished, it comes down to _________.
power
The change from homosexuality as deviant behavior to the acceptance of same-sex relationships supports __________ thoughts about labeling theory.
Howard Becker’s
Joanne sells insurance- or at least seems to. When her customers give her money, she puts it in her bank account. This had worked really well for her until one of her customers had a claim and called the insurance company, only to find out they did not actually have a policy. Joanne’s actions demonstrate a behavior __________.
Of unethical business practices committed by people in the course of their work
the institutions, norms, and rules though which societies attempt to shape and control individuals
social control
any type of punishment, including both formal punishment (based on laws or written rules) and informal types of punishments
sanction
the entire body of laws and institutions that regulate and punish criminal activity
criminal justice system
a place of detention where individuals are held either before trial or serve relatively minor sentences
jails
the holding of an individual in a jail or prison
incarceration
a place of detention where people convicted of felonies (serious crimes requiring at least one year of detention) are held
prison
a criminal conviction that does not require a prison or jail sentence
probation
the attempt to reform a convicted offender so that he or she will not commit crimes in the future
rehabilitation
a term used to describe a situation in which a very high proportion of people are held in prisons
mass incarceration
the killing of someone by a group, without a trial or due process, for some specified behavior
lynching
When Ashley is texting in class, her teacher motions for her to put the phone away, but does not yell at her. This is known as an __________.
informal sanction
Ms. Jenkins lets students know at the beginning of the year what her expectations are in the class room. If a student skips her class, he or she will have to attend Saturday school twice and write a paper about the importance of education. Ms. Jenkins is using __________.
deterrence
Which country has the largest population of prisoners per capita?
the United States
Careful research suggest that having a criminal record has many negative consequences, including having a harder time finding a job and maintaining a stable family life. The outcomes are a result of __________.
a complicated set of circumstances, and researches have not yet been able to determine if this is a result of having criminal convictions or something else
Societies punish offenders for four basic reasons: (1) to exact retribution; (2) to deter offenders; (3) to incapacitate or prevent offenders from committing further crimes; and (4) to __________ offenders.
rehabilitate
Danny really wants to try out for the school musical. When he gets the lead role, his macho, athletic group of friends treat him as an outcast. This is an example of __________.
negative affirmations
__________ is socially deviant and __________ is statistically deviant.
Stealing; not having a cell phone
Which of the following statement best explains the relationship between norms and sanctions?
Violating social norms is likely to result in informal sanctions.
Which movement could be classified as a current attempt to regulate morality?
banning gay marriage
Regulating moral behavior has been closely connected to the interests of the ___________ and in maintaining ___________
powerful; social order
Within three months of the WCTU pray-in December 1873, taverns closed in over ___________ communities.
75
Which situations would be similar to the intent of the Boyle Act of 1904?
prohibiting the use of aspirin
Policies and actions carried out by government officials in their official capacities are known as _________.
state deviance
An auto manufacturer has knowledge that a vehicle is dangerous and does not recall those vehicles. This is an example of __________.
white-collar crime
Polygamy is illegal in the United States. Using the ideas of Howard Becker, what conclusions can you draw?
At one time polygamy was probably considered normal or legal, then at some point attitudes changed and a social construct that said polygamy was deviant was created.
A situation where vastly greater numbers of people are held in prisons than in earlier periods of history or in comparison to similar countries is known as __________.
mass incarceration
What conclusion can you draw about the consequences of incarceration?
conclusion can you draw about the consequences of incarceration?
The consequences affect many more people than just the prisoner, they also impact the prisoner’s family, friends, and society as a whole.
Select the description that is closest to what Howard Becker might conclude about mass incarceration.
Drug use evolved over time to form a social construct to label drug users as deviants, which has overloaded prisons.
Into which of the following categories would you place the death penalty?
retribution
Fines, arrests, and prison sentences are considered __________.
formal sanctions
