Ch. 18 Social Movement and Revolutions

Question 1

a spontaneous, unplanned collective protest, loosely organized at best, involving attacks on property and (sometimes) persons

Answer 1

riot

Question 2

a conscious, concerted, and sustained effort by ordinary people to change some aspect of their society by using extrainstitutional means

Answer 2

social movement

Question 3

any kind of behavior that spreads among a specific population and is repeated enthusiastically for some period of time before disappearing

Answer 3

fad

Question 4

a theoretical perspective that emphasizes that movements are concerned with politics, not individual psychological states, and are a rational form of politics and a normal response, under certain circumstances, to routine institutional political processes

Answer 4

political-process perspective

Question 5

Which of the following is typical of social movements?

Answer 5

They are agents of social and political change.

Question 6

Studying social movements may answer which of these questions?

Answer 6

Why do people cooperate with each other when they can get the same benefits by acting alone?

Question 7

The United States might not have __________, had it not been for a social movement.

Answer 7

minority civil rights

Question 8

In recent years, social movements have become __________.

Answer 8

more global

Question 9

Sherman is not sure what he believes in regarding gay marriage…. Relating to a social movement helped Sherman connect with his __________.

Answer 9

moral sensibilities

Question 10

a theoretical perspective that emphasizes the importance of resources, like labor and money, for generating and sustaining social movements

Answer 10

resource-mobilization approach

Question 11

a formal organization that participates in, and may initiate or lead, a social movement

Answer 11

social movement organization (SMO)

Question 12

the ties or connections between people, groups, and organizations

Answer 12

social network

Question 13

an individual’s freedom to participate in a movement or protest due to a (relative) lack of constraining obligations created by work, school, family, or community

Answer 13

biographical availability

Question 14

the specific ways in which ideas and beliefs are presented to other poeple

Answer 14

framing

Question 15

one’s belief that one belongs to a certain group with distinctive characteristics and interests

Answer 15

collective identity

Question 16

an unexpected event that surprises, distresses, and outrages people, often to the point of motivating them to join or even start a movement to eliminate the source of their outrage

Answer 16

moral shock

Question 17

Aryan is an American citizen now, but he wants to draw attention to the terrible condition of the average person in his homeland…… What is Aryan doing?

Answer 17

mobilizing resources

Question 18

Holly has joined a social action group. Which of the following is most likely her motivation?

Answer 18

Her roommate is a member

Question 19

What frame is best used to emphasize the urgency of a problem?

Answer 19

diagnostic

Question 20

A cultural social movements theorist would be most interested in which of the following groups in regards to their involvement in social movements?

Answer 20

registered voters

Question 21

A group of politically motivated participants petitions the government to change a law they believe to be unfair….. The difference between these two groups is the difference between __________ paradigms.

Answer 21

political and cultural

Question 22

place where people gather that do not have any government or corporate surveillance, where oppositional ideas and tactics can develop and spread

Answer 22

free space

Question 23

A group that fought slumlords is absorbed into a government agency. Another group achieved some of its goals and then its members drifted apart. What is being compared here?

Answer 23

Institutionalization and internal dynamics

Question 24

Jorge started an immigrants’ rights group and recruited some members. However, they did not want to stage a protest for fear of getting arrested. Instead, Jorge asked his members to go on Twitter and encourage an email campaign. Jorge was using his __________.

Answer 24

tactical skills

Question 25

When an animal rights supporter throws red paint on someone’s fur jacket, what tactic is being used?

Answer 25

Intimidation

Question 26

It is important to understand that there is a difference between _________ and __________ of a specific social movement goal.

Answer 26

acceptance; achievement

Question 27

Which of the following is one cultural consequence of social movements?

Answer 27

They encourage informed citizens to think about a topic and how they feel about it.

Question 28

a revolution consists, at minimum, of a change of government or political regime brought about, at least in part, by popular protest

Answer 28

revolution

Question 29

a social movement that seeks to overthrow a government or fundamentally change a society’s economic institutions and class structure

Answer 29

revolutionary movement

Question 30

a situation that occurs when two or more political institutions or groups claim to be the rightful or legitimate rulers of a certain territory or population

Answer 30

revolutionary situation

Question 31

The leader of a social movement in an oppressed country wants a relatively bloodless revolution that will make life better for the poor. The military uses the name and the ideals of the movement, but stages a __________ that puts them in power.

Answer 31

coup d’etat

Question 32

The leader of country X has died and possible successors are fighting among themselves. A leader rises up among the suffering peasants and leads them into collective action. Why is this situation considered revolutionary?

Answer 32

It meets all three of Lenin’s requirements.

Question 33

If a revolutionary leader wants to speed up the time until his plans come to fruition, he might organize a(n) __________.

Answer 33

spontaneous riot

Question 34

Zane’s recruits for his social movement are mostly young people who like the idea of protesting, but are not especially devoted to cause. The group did not achieve their goal. What did they probably lack?

Answer 34

Decisive collective action

Question 35

Countries like the United States, Canada, Ireland, and Japan are considered ___________.

Answer 35

democracies

Question 36

Tasha believes that killing animals is wrong and often holds demonstrations outside animal testing facilities. Tasha’s motivation is her ___________.

Answer 36

moral sensibility

Question 37

Social movements keep societies from __________.

Answer 37

endlessly reproducing themselves

Question 38

Because early social causes such as the labor movement often involved riots, the first sociologists thought that they needed to study ________ to understand social movements.

Answer 38

mob psychology

Question 39

Tyler has a social cause in mind and speaks to his rabbi about the temple sponsoring his group. The rabbi agrees. Tyler’s actions can be identified as the _________.

Answer 39

resource mobilization approach

Question 40

As our society shifts from a manufacturing base to a knowledge base, the goal of social movements becomes to __________.

Answer 40

control social change by controlling a society’s symbols and self-understandings

Question 41

To get recruits to support his free-speech social movement, Elliot regularly visited college campuses and talked informally to students. He did this because of the students’ ___________.

Answer 41

biographical availability

Question 42

The civil rights movement used mostly peaceful protest tactics and achieved most of its goals. What does this say about the use of tactics in social movements?

Answer 42

Nonviolent groups are more likely to succeed.

Question 43

Repression may destroy a rebel movement or it may ___________.

Answer 43

make it stronger

Question 44

Bailey organized a series of protests of her college’s admission policies….. In this case Bailey’s protests had __________.

Answer 44

cultural consequences

Question 45

Representatives of a parents’ group that opposes some policies of the local school board are invited to speak at a board meeting. A social movement’s scholars would say this group has achieved _________.

Answer 45

acceptance by the opposition

Question 46

Democracy gives people a voice in their own destiny, channels conflicts, and offers concessions to social movements. For these reasons _________ seldom, if ever, happens in democracies.

Answer 46

overthrow of the government

Question 47

A __________ seeks to overthrow a government.

Answer 47

revolutionary movement

Question 48

What is the relationship of a war to revolution?

Answer 48

A war can lead to a revolution.

Question 49

A monarch dies and several rivals begin to fight for the throne. Now is the perfect time for __________.

Answer 49

a revolution

Question 50

Mass economic crises were the trigger for most of the Arab Spring revolutions. Is it likely that the economic crisis in the United States will also cause a revolution?

Answer 50

No. A democracy has never been overthrown.