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A&P II > Ch 20 Intro To Heart Anatomy > Flashcards

Ch 20 Intro To Heart Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Heart generates

A

BP

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2
Q

Heart routes

A

Blood

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3
Q

Heart separates these 2 circulations

A

Pulmonary and systemic

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4
Q

Heart ensures ____ way blood flow

A

One

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5
Q

Heart____ ensure one way blood flow

A

Valves

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6
Q

The heart regulates blood supply

A

Changes in contraction rate and force match blood delivery to changing metabolic needs

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7
Q

The heart pumps _____ blood to the tissues and ______ blood to the lungs

A

Oxygenated

Deoxygenated

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8
Q

When you inhale you add____ to the blood. When you exhale you remove ____ from the blood

A

Oxygen

Carbon dioxide

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9
Q

Systemic circulatory system

A

Contains blood vessels from limbs, head and neck, organs

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10
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A

Oxygenating and deoxygenated blood

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11
Q

Unidirectional flow

A

One way blood flow

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12
Q

Where is the heart located

A

Thoracic cavity, mediastinum

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13
Q

Mediastinum

A

Lies between right and left pleurae

Extends from sternum in front to vetebral column behind

Contains all the thoracic viscera excepting the lungs

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14
Q

Divisions of mediastinum

A

2 divisions

Superior and

inferior- which can be again divided into anterior, middle and posterior

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15
Q

Most structures of heart are in the

A

Superior or middle of inferior

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16
Q

Superior mediastinum contents

A

Blood vessels;
Veins: SVC, L and R brachiocephalic veins
Arteries: arch of aorta, brachiocephalic artery, L common carotid, L subclavian artery

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17
Q

Middle mediastinum contents

A 
Heart with pericardium 
Ascending Aorta 
Bifurcation of trachea
Pulmonary trunk and divisions
Lower half of SVC
R and L pulmonary veins
Pherenic nerve
Deep cardiac plexus
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18
Q

All vessels that go in and out the heart are included in the ____

A

Middle mediastinum

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19
Q

Levels of organization

A

Chemicals to cells to tissues to organs to systems

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20
Q

Tissue make up of heart

A

Fibrous pericardium

Myocardium -cardiac muscle

Endocardium

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21
Q

Pericardium is same as epicardium here no distinguish needed

A

Visceral layer , serous membrane

Function: restrict excessive movement of the heart as a whole and to serve as a lubricated container in which different parts of the heart can contract

Glove around heart

Cells secrete - pericardial fluid, coats outer surface of heart

2 components- pariteal and visceral

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22
Q

Myocardium

A

Cardiac muscle layer forming the bulk of the heart

Work horse, thickest section

Tissue of the heart that contracts, needs ATP- myocardial infarction, heart attack

Function: provide scaffolding to chambers, assist in contraction and relaxation of cardiac walls so blood can pass between chambers, conducting electro- stimulation through its own tissue and into epicardium

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23
Q

Endocardium

A

(Squamous )Endothelial layer of the under myocardial surface

Internal layer

Conducting system of the heart

Set of spaces/chambers

Secretes anticoagulants inside spaces of heart, minimizes blood clotting

Protects myocardium underneath, shields from chemicals

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24
Q

____ line cavities open to outside world

A

Mucous membranes- respiratory, digestive, urinate tract, reproductive

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25
Q

Serous membrane

A

Membranes not open to outside world Mediastinum

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26
Q

Average heart rate

A

75 beats/ minute

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27
Q

Cardiomyocytes ( found in mycardium)

A

Contractile cells of the heart- what die during a heart attack

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28
Q

____ of the myocardium determines the strength of the hearts ability to pump blood

A

The thickness

29
Q

When platelets rupture they release

A

Clotting factors

30
Q

External structures

A

Apex- bottom

Base- top bottom of great structures

31
Q

Apex

A

Directed downward , forward and to the left and is overlapped by the left lung and pleura

32
Q

Function of the apex is

A

To pump blood to left atriumr

33
Q

Auricle

A

Roof of internal chambers, atria

34
Q

Grooves on surface of heart

A

Anterior interventricular sulcus

35
Q

Coronary sulcus

A

Runs along right side

36
Q

Interior has 4 chambers (space)

A

Left ( atrial) - left atrium, left ventricle

Right( venous)- right atrium, right ventricle

37
Q

Right atrium - receiving chamber

A

Received deoxygenated blood from the body through the superior vena cava ( head and upper) and inferior vena cava ( leg and lower torso)

38
Q

Left atrium- receiving chamber

A

Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary vein

39
Q

Right chambers shaded blue because

A

They carry deoxygenated blood

40
Q

Red shading means

A

Oxygenated blood, high in oxygen

41
Q

Atria function as

A

Primer pumps thst increase ventricular pumping effectiveness 20%

42
Q

Atria increase ventricular pumping 20 % by…

A

Blood flows from great vein to atria (80% directly to ventricles before the atria contract) atrial contract (additional 20% filing of ventricles)

43
Q

Lower chambers of the heart ( discharge chambers)

A

Ventricles

44
Q

Function of ventricles

A

Blood moves from ventricles out of the heart

Thicker muscle wall

L- pumps blood around body, thicker

R- pumps blood to lungs

45
Q

Septum’s

A

2

46
Q

Interventricular Septum- IVS

A

Between ventricles - separates 2 lower chambers

47
Q

Interatrial septum

A

In between atria seperates upper chambers

48
Q

The heart has how many sets of valves

A

4

49
Q

Valves allow the heart to pump blood in a

A

Uni- directional format

50
Q

Valves are located

A

Within the chambersy

51
Q

Blood flow is always ____ within valves

A

Uni directional through chambers from the heart to the body

52
Q

Pulmonary and aortic valve job is to

A

Moving blood forces valve open , when valves close back flow of blood stops

53
Q

Bicuspid and tricuspid valve job

A

Valves open allowing blood from atria to fill ventricles, when ventricles contract these help to prevent back flow

54
Q

Valves allow blood flows

A

From atria to ventricles but not from ventricle back to atria

55
Q

Papillary muscles

A

Chords tendinae attach, closing moment of valves

56
Q

Papillary muscles control

A

Closing movement

57
Q

Cardiac conduction system

A

Cardiac muscle can generate its own electrical current (automacity)

58
Q

The state of a hearts electrical functioning can be measured and evaluated on a

A

Electrocardiogram- ECG

59
Q

Dysrythmia

A

Interrupts rhythmical contraction of the heart

60
Q

The heart doesn’t need what system to contract

A

Nervous system, discharge on their own

61
Q

1 sinoatrial SA node

A

Pace maker-

62
Q

2 atrioventricular AV node

A

Acts like an antenna- picks up electrical current and directs movement into lower aspect of heart

63
Q
  1. Atrioventricular AV bundle- bundle of HIS
A

Conducts current from AV node into atriventricular septum

Divides into the 2 ventricles-

64
Q
  1. Right and left bundle branch
A

Go to respective ventricles

65
Q
  1. Purkinje fibers
A

Attach to myocardicytes, myocardium will contract

66
Q

Cardiac excitation, contraction coupling

A

1 sinovial node

  1. Atriventricular node
  2. Atrioventricular bundle ( bundle of his)
  3. Right and left bundle branches
  4. Purkinje fibers
67
Q

EKG is a series of a

A

Electrical activity

68
Q

EKG tell us

A

P wave- electrical activity in atria- depolarization and contraction- atria disorder

QRS-complex- depolarization of ventricular myocardium- downward, upward, downward- ventricular contraction disorder

T wave- repolarization of ventricular myocardium- resting- ventricular relaxation disorder

A&P II (11 decks)

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