Ch 20 Intro To Heart Anatomy Flashcards by Krista winters

Heart generates

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Heart routes

Blood

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Heart separates these 2 circulations

Pulmonary and systemic

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Heart ensures ____ way blood flow

One

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Heart____ ensure one way blood flow

Valves

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The heart regulates blood supply

Changes in contraction rate and force match blood delivery to changing metabolic needs

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The heart pumps _____ blood to the tissues and ______ blood to the lungs

Oxygenated

Deoxygenated

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When you inhale you add____ to the blood. When you exhale you remove ____ from the blood

Oxygen

Carbon dioxide

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Systemic circulatory system

Contains blood vessels from limbs, head and neck, organs

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Pulmonary circuit

Oxygenating and deoxygenated blood

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Unidirectional flow

One way blood flow

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Where is the heart located

Thoracic cavity, mediastinum

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Mediastinum

Lies between right and left pleurae

Extends from sternum in front to vetebral column behind

Contains all the thoracic viscera excepting the lungs

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Divisions of mediastinum

2 divisions

Superior and

inferior- which can be again divided into anterior, middle and posterior

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Most structures of heart are in the

Superior or middle of inferior

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Superior mediastinum contents

Blood vessels;
Veins: SVC, L and R brachiocephalic veins
Arteries: arch of aorta, brachiocephalic artery, L common carotid, L subclavian artery

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Middle mediastinum contents

Heart with pericardium 
Ascending Aorta 
Bifurcation of trachea
Pulmonary trunk and divisions
Lower half of SVC
R and L pulmonary veins
Pherenic nerve
Deep cardiac plexus

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All vessels that go in and out the heart are included in the ____

Middle mediastinum

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Levels of organization

Chemicals to cells to tissues to organs to systems

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Tissue make up of heart

Fibrous pericardium

Myocardium -cardiac muscle

Endocardium

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Pericardium is same as epicardium here no distinguish needed

Visceral layer , serous membrane

Function: restrict excessive movement of the heart as a whole and to serve as a lubricated container in which different parts of the heart can contract

Glove around heart

Cells secrete - pericardial fluid, coats outer surface of heart

2 components- pariteal and visceral

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Myocardium

Cardiac muscle layer forming the bulk of the heart

Work horse, thickest section

Tissue of the heart that contracts, needs ATP- myocardial infarction, heart attack

Function: provide scaffolding to chambers, assist in contraction and relaxation of cardiac walls so blood can pass between chambers, conducting electro- stimulation through its own tissue and into epicardium

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Endocardium

(Squamous )Endothelial layer of the under myocardial surface

Internal layer

Conducting system of the heart

Set of spaces/chambers

Secretes anticoagulants inside spaces of heart, minimizes blood clotting

Protects myocardium underneath, shields from chemicals

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____ line cavities open to outside world

Mucous membranes- respiratory, digestive, urinate tract, reproductive

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Serous membrane

Membranes not open to outside world Mediastinum

Average heart rate

75 beats/ minute

Cardiomyocytes ( found in mycardium)

Contractile cells of the heart- what die during a heart attack

____ of the myocardium determines the strength of the hearts ability to pump blood

The thickness

When platelets rupture they release

Clotting factors

External structures

Apex- bottom Base- top bottom of great structures

Apex

Directed downward , forward and to the left and is overlapped by the left lung and pleura

Function of the apex is

To pump blood to left atriumr

Auricle

Roof of internal chambers, atria

Grooves on surface of heart

Anterior interventricular sulcus

Coronary sulcus

Runs along right side

Interior has 4 chambers (space)

Left ( atrial) - left atrium, left ventricle Right( venous)- right atrium, right ventricle

Right atrium - receiving chamber

Received deoxygenated blood from the body through the superior vena cava ( head and upper) and inferior vena cava ( leg and lower torso)

Left atrium- receiving chamber

Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary vein

Right chambers shaded blue because

They carry deoxygenated blood

Red shading means

Oxygenated blood, high in oxygen

Atria function as

Primer pumps thst increase ventricular pumping effectiveness 20%

Atria increase ventricular pumping 20 % by...

Blood flows from great vein to atria (80% directly to ventricles before the atria contract) atrial contract (additional 20% filing of ventricles)

Lower chambers of the heart ( discharge chambers)

Ventricles

Function of ventricles

Blood moves from ventricles out of the heart Thicker muscle wall L- pumps blood around body, thicker R- pumps blood to lungs

Septum’s

Interventricular Septum- IVS

Between ventricles - separates 2 lower chambers

Interatrial septum

In between atria seperates upper chambers

The heart has how many sets of valves

Valves allow the heart to pump blood in a

Uni- directional format

Valves are located

Within the chambersy

Blood flow is always ____ within valves

Uni directional through chambers from the heart to the body

Pulmonary and aortic valve job is to

Moving blood forces valve open , when valves close back flow of blood stops

Bicuspid and tricuspid valve job

Valves open allowing blood from atria to fill ventricles, when ventricles contract these help to prevent back flow

Valves allow blood flows

From atria to ventricles but not from ventricle back to atria

Papillary muscles

Chords tendinae attach, closing moment of valves

Papillary muscles control

Closing movement

Cardiac conduction system

Cardiac muscle can generate its own electrical current (automacity)

The state of a hearts electrical functioning can be measured and evaluated on a

Electrocardiogram- ECG

Dysrythmia

Interrupts rhythmical contraction of the heart

The heart doesn’t need what system to contract

Nervous system, discharge on their own

1 sinoatrial SA node

Pace maker-

2 atrioventricular AV node

Acts like an antenna- picks up electrical current and directs movement into lower aspect of heart

3. Atrioventricular AV bundle- bundle of HIS

Conducts current from AV node into atriventricular septum Divides into the 2 ventricles-

4. Right and left bundle branch

Go to respective ventricles

5. Purkinje fibers

Attach to myocardicytes, myocardium will contract

Cardiac excitation, contraction coupling

1 sinovial node 2. Atriventricular node 3. Atrioventricular bundle ( bundle of his) 4. Right and left bundle branches 5. Purkinje fibers

EKG is a series of a

Electrical activity

EKG tell us

P wave- electrical activity in atria- depolarization and contraction- atria disorder QRS-complex- depolarization of ventricular myocardium- downward, upward, downward- ventricular contraction disorder T wave- repolarization of ventricular myocardium- resting- ventricular relaxation disorder