Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A&P II > Ch 18 Endocrine - Pt 2 > Flashcards

Ch 18 Endocrine - Pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Control of hormone secretion is regulated by whatever

A

Signals from nervous system, chemical change in the blood or by other hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Negative feedback control (most common) is what?

A

Decrease/ increase in blood level reversed

Body does opposite of what act is doing

Bodies response in direct opposition to stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Positive feedback control is what?

A

Change produced by the hormone causes more hormone to be released

Stimulus and response enhance one another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Disorders involve…

A

Hyposecretion/hormone or hyper secretion/hormonal of a hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hormone begins life where

A

On a gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a hormones end destination

A

A target cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

We have to control amount of hormone

A

From secretion to target cell( by receptors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3 mechanisms control hormone release

  1. Humoral
A
  • capillary blood contains low concentration of Ca2 which stimulates

Secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by parathyroid gland

Chemical content of bodily fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

…mechanism to control hormone

  1. Neural
A
  • preganglioinic SNS fibers stimulate adrenal medulla cells

To secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine

Neurological- reflex it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

… mechanical control of hormone release

  1. Hormonal
A
  • hypothalamus secretes hormones that…

Stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones

Hormone controlling another hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

3 mechanical controls of hormone release

A

All 3 aide in feedback control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Feedback control of hormone secretion - Negative feedback

A

Prevents over activity of hormone system

The control variable is often not the secretory rate of the hormone itself but the degree of activity of the target tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Feedback regulation of hormones can occur where

A

All levels- gene transcription and transplation steps involved in processing the hormone or releasing stored hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

HPA axis ( hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis) is equal to what

A

Complex negative feedback

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Not every hormone is controlled by every feedback mechanism ( positive/negative)- true or false

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Thyroid hormone uses what feedback control?

A

Negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Oxytocin- labor

A

Utilizes positive feedback back response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Negative feedback control allows us to control what

A

Timing and quantity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

By controlling production

A

We control the quantity produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

By controlling secretion we control

A

The amount that is released/ circulated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Each mechanism- humoral, neural, hormonal

A

Uses a feed back loop (positive/negative)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Factors affecting response of target cells to hormones

A

Concentration of the hormone

Number of receptors

Duration of exposure

Intracellular conditions such as conc. Of rate-limiting enzymes, substrate or cofactors

Antagonistic or synergistic hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Target cells

A

Carry out homeostatic process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

By controlling receptors on targets cells we control

A

Intensity of hormonal action and biochemical reactivity within target cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Receptor control is called
Receptor regulation
26
Up regulation ( receptor regulation)
Cell increase the quantity of cellular components
27
Down regulation ( receptor regulation)
Cell decrease the quantity of cellular component in response to external variables Decrease cell sensitivity to a hormone
28
This regulation increase cell sensitivity
Up regulation Increases cell sensitivity to hormone Stimulus causes number of receptor for a hormone to increase within target cell
29
What cell produces hormone with in a cell
Secretory cells
30
More receptors available on a receptor cell means what
Hyper reaction, intent reaction
31
Are effects of hormones the exact same day to day or can they differ?
They can differ
32
Pituitary gland
Found in brain, projection off of hypothalamus
33
Within the pituitary ( hypothalamus $
Nervous system has direct control over endocrine system
34
Hypothalamus to pituitary gland interaction is called
Hypothalamic pituitary axis (HPA)
35
Pituitary gland is made of 2 parts
Anterior pituitary (adenohypothisis) - actual gland Posterior pituitary ( neurohypothisis)- made of neurons 2 separate structures
36
How does hypothalamus communicate with pituitary
Posterior- impulses( action potential) originate in hypothalamus— travel down axon to posterior- triggers hormones to hormone be released — neurons travel— neurological
37
Hypothalamic pituitary tract
Group of axon (neuron)- begin in hypothalamus and end in posterior pituitary
38
How does hypothalamus communicate Anterior pituitary
Secretes hormone to blood stream, to anterior pituitary and cells are stimulated
39
Anterior and posterior communication
Requires vascular connections
40
Infundibulum
Where hypothalamus and pituitary connect— connection structure Tracts travel through
41
Hypothalamic pituitary portal system
Vascular connection between anterior and posterior pituitary
42
What is a Portal system ( standard circulatory system)
Specialized vascular system Standard ;Heart into arteries into capillaries into veins back to heart Portal; heart to arteries to capillaries to veins to capillaries to second vein then back to heart— blood vessel that begins in capillaries and ends in capillaries
43
Capillaries start in and end in
Arteries , veins
44
Portal system is an open or closed system?
Closed- blood within portal system doesn’t circulate into body- direct vascular communication between hypothalamus to anterior pituitary. Target cells go direct
45
Hypothalamus acts like what with the anterior pituitary
Endocrine gland
46
Hypothalamus produces hormones true or false
True- they control anterior pituitary, that also produces hormones
47
Tropic hormones- produced by hypothalamus
Stimulate or inhibit hormone secretion
48
Tropic hormone- Releasing hormones
Those that stimulate
49
Tropic hormone- inhibiting hormone
Those that slow secretion
50
At least ______tropic hormones are made by hypothalamus
9- these controlTSH, FH, LH, FSH, ACTH, and prolactin
51
Anterior is made up of ___types of cells
5
52
Cells within anterior pituitary
Trophic cells
53
5 groups of trophs
1 somatotroph- growth hormone- bones,muscles 2. Lactotroph - PRL- mammory 3. Corticotrophs - ACTH- adrenal cortex 4. Thyrotroph- TSH- thyroid 5. Gonadotroph- gonads- FSH, LH
54
Growth hormone
Primary job is to grow Lean tissue Effects: stimulates epiphyseal plates in bones Causes muscles to enlarge Tiggers growth factors— thee trigger the growth plates
55
Prolactin
Job is to travel to mammory glands, causing them to produce milk
56
ACTH
Works on adrenal cortex( outer layers)release cortisol and aldosterone (steroids)— releases from anterior pituitary- glands on top kidneys- controls levels of steroids
57
TSH
Stimulates thyroid gland, releasing thyroid hormone-t3 and t4 ( numbers indicate iodine molecules)
58
FSH, LH
Gonads Work on testes and ovaries. FSH targets follicles in ovary- triggers maturation steps LH triggers- releasing process (ovulation)
59
LH and FSH in male
FSH- testes- works on cells ( sertoli)— spermatogenisis- producing sperm ( reproductive cell) LH- leydig cell- testosterone synthesis- this gives bigger stature, deep voice etc
60
All trophs
Do not release hormones unless signaled by hypothalamus
61
Anterior pituitary _____ do anything unless hypothalamus tells it to
Doesn’t
62
Hypothalamus hav_____ that produce and release hormones much like NT are released
Neurons
63
Releasing and inhibiting ____ the anterior pituitary
Control
64
How growth hormone release
In hypothalamus releases growth hormone releasing hormone—- goes to to anterior pituitary— somatotroph releases growth hormone- triggering growth of bone (spurt) —- after spurt hypothalamus releases growth hormone inhibiting hormone (shuts off anterior pituitary)
65
Prolactin
Hypothalamus received signal of pregnancy and releases prolactin releasing hormone- activates mammory glands (milk production) Turned off/on- hypothalamus releases prolactin inhibiting hormone, shuts off production in anterior pituitary
66
Gonadotroph
Hypothalamus- produce- gonadotroph releasing— LH and FSH-
67
TRH- hypothalamus releases
Anterior pituitary releases TSH- thyroid gland—- releases TSH
68
Adrenal gland
Hypothalamus—- CRH —- anterior pituitary— releases ACTH- finds adrenal cortex- release of corticosteroids
69
Control secretion
Control effects- target cells control receptor available
70
Posterior pituitary produces hormones
1. ADH- anti diuretic 2. Oxytocin- pregnancy Produced and released in anterior pituitary
71
Tracts
Begin in thalamus, end in posterior pituitary
72
How do you shut off anterior pituitary
Neuronal impulse
73
ADH
Anti diuretic hormone- anti water loss- Kidneys and skin- tells kidneys to produce less urine, retaining water Skin- sweat glands — decreases sweat gland activity Also targets blood vessels- water loss in blood, blood volume drops- leads to decrease in BP— vessels constrict — increasing BP
74
Oxytocin - works through positive feedback
1 uterus 2 mammory glands Looking for smooth muscle contraction (positive feedback) Mammory cells produce milk - smooth muscle wraps around - when oxytocin finds smooth muscle is will cause construction - squeeze gland- forces milk out(milk let down reflex)

A&P II (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions