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PTA 240 (Cardiopulmonary) > CH 2 Patient Observation- Vital Signs > Flashcards

CH 2 Patient Observation- Vital Signs Flashcards

1
Q

Deliberate use of senses (vision, hearing, smell, touch) to gather information about your patient

A

Observation

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2
Q

Cannot provide definitive diagnostic information; however, provides clues to underlying problems

A

Observation

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3
Q

Using a logical, consistent sequence to create a systemic approach

A

Observation

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4
Q

Pain, grimacing, difficulty breathing observed by facial expressions, use of accessory muscles for breathing, or frequent positional changes

A

Immediate patient distress or discomfort

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5
Q

Central obesity (trunk and face) and fat pads near the collarbone and back of neck

A

Cushing’s Syndrome

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6
Q

State of malnutrition or wasting associated with many chronic diseases

A

Cachexia

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7
Q

Poor hygiene (impaired self-care abilities, lack of resources, presence of wound, underlying diseases, fruity breath smell)

A

Disagreeable body odor

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8
Q

Wheezing, crackles, signs, narrowed arrows (asthma, CHF, tracheal stenosis), COPD, presence of foreign object, secretions partially blocking airway

A

Sound of Respiration

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9
Q

Profuse perspiration indicating body is working to compensate for reduced cardiac output

A

Diaphoresis

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10
Q

Abnormally increased perspiration

A

Hyperhidrosis

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11
Q

Associated with myocardial infarct, hypotension, shock, hyperthermia (faulty thermoregulation), thyroid hyperactivity, anxiety, overactive sweat glands, environmental conditions, patient participation

A

Diaphoresis

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12
Q

Cough typically resolving within 3 weeks or less (upper respiratory tract infection)

A

Acute cough

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13
Q

Cough typically lasting more than 8 weeks

A

Chronic/Persistent Cough

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14
Q

Caused by a relatively benign airway irritant (dust particles) or may indicate the presence of a disease such as asthma, bronchitis, COPD, lung cancer, pneumonia

A

Presence of cough

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15
Q

Atrophy, hypertrophy, impaired motor function, underlying disease (cerebral vascular accident), facial features during rest, movement, incoordination, or abnormal movements

A

Asymmetry of body parts

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16
Q

Largest organ of the body

A

Skin

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17
Q

Provides important preliminary data about the efficiency of the cardiovascular/pulmonary system and may be an indicator of disease, inflammation, infection

A

Skin Discoloration

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18
Q

Bluish-gray discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes

A

Cyanosis

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19
Q

Caused by hypoxia and results in color changes in central aspects of the body and mucous membranes

A

Central cyanosis

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20
Q

Caused by hypoxia with color changes in the nail beds and lips

A

Peripheral Cynaosis

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21
Q

Associated with diseases of cardiovascular and pulmonary system and CNS disorders that impair respiration

A

Central Cyanosis

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22
Q

Associated with decreased cardiac output, exposure to cold (extreme vasoconstriction), and arterial (peripheral vascular disease), or venous obstruction (deep vein thrombosis)

A

Peripheral Cyanosis

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23
Q

Caused by hypoxia from a blocked airway (asphyxiation or choking) with rapid onset of skin color changes initially in face, lips, and nail beds

A

Acute Cyanosis

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24
Q

Caused by bruising (bleeding under the skin) and may be seen anywhere on the body

A

Ecchymosis

25
Q

New bruises appear bluish purple while older bruises appear greenish yellow; often caused by trauma (falls, sports injury, physical abuse); including patients on blood thinning agents (Coumadin) that tend to bruise easily

A

Ecchymosis

26
Q

Reddened area of skin caused by increased blood flow (hyperemia)

A

Erythema

27
Q

Associated with skin irritation or injury, infection and inflammation, redness over a bony prominence warns of the potential development of a decubitus ulcer

A

Erythema

28
Q

Diffuse redness of face but may involves other body areas

A

Flushing

29
Q

Related to emotions (embarrassment, anger), physical exertion, fever, and increased temperature of environment

A

Flushing

30
Q

Caused by impaired liver function (hepatitis, liver cancer)

A

Jaundice

31
Q

Skin takes on a yellow-orange hue; best observed in the sclera, mucous membranes, and palms of hands and soles of feet

A

Jaundice

32
Q

Skin takes on a lighter tone (more white with decreased pink hue) than normal for the individual for normal “fair” skin color; for darker skin, apparent by loss of red tones

A

Pallor (pale)

33
Q

Associated with anemia (low hemoglobin) and impaired circulation; observed in face, palms, mucous membranes, and nail beds

A

Pallor (pale)

34
Q

Tiny red or purple hemorrhagic spots caused by capillary bleeding with subsequent leakage of blood into the skin; tends to appears in clusters and often seen on ankles and feet but can occur anywhere on the body

A

Petechiae

35
Q

May be a sign of thrombocytopenia (low platelet count)- reducing counts impair clotting and increase risk of bleeding (can be associated with variety of medications and disorders

A

Petechiae

36
Q

Varies with age and poor nutritional status

A

Skin texture

37
Q

May be indicative of pathological changes or trauma

A

Skin lesions

38
Q

Typically lack hair growth on the legs and display thickening of nails of the fingers and toes

A

Diabetes mellitus or Atherosclerosis

39
Q

Nails should be pink (light brown in dark skinned individuals) and free of irregularities

A

Normal circulation and oxygen supply of nails

40
Q

Deep grooved (indented) transverse lines across the nail resulting from disruption of nail growth caused by trauma or disorders such as Raynaud’s disease (decreased blood flow to fingers), psoriasis, or infection around nail plate

A

Beau’s Lines

41
Q

Caused by blood under the nail and results from trauma

A

Black Nails

42
Q

Bulbous swelling of fingertips secondary to proliferation of connective tissue between the nail matrix and distal phalanx accompanied by the nail bed and skin

A

Clubbing

43
Q

Nails appear bluish gray (cyanotic) and become soft and boggy (spongy)

A

Clubbing

44
Q

Develops gradually over time and is associated with diagnoses that involve long-standing hypoxia such as congenital heart defects and cardiopulmonary diseases

A

Clubbing

45
Q

Seen with renal failure

A

Half-and-half nails (Lindsay’s nails)

46
Q

The distal portion of the nail turns red, pink, or brown; there is a distinct line of demarcation between the two halves

A

Half-and-half nails (Lindsay’s nails)

47
Q

Detachment of the nail from the nail bed

A

Onycholysis

48
Q

Associated with trauma, fungal infections, psoriasis, and overactive thyroid gland

A

Onycholysis

49
Q

Transverse white lines across the breadth of the nail

A

Mee’s Lines

50
Q

Associated with systemic diseases such as renal failure, Hodgkin’s disease, malaria, and sickle cell anemia

A

Mee’s Lines

51
Q

Classically associated with arsenic poisoning

A

Mee’s Lines

52
Q

Characterized by tiny punctate depressions in the nail

A

Pitting

53
Q

Caused by systemic diseases such as Reiter’s syndrome, psoriasis, and eczema

A

Pitting

54
Q

Tiny hemorrhages creating reddish lines of blood under nail

A

Splinter Hemorrhages

55
Q

Associated with bacterial endocarditis and trauma

A

Splinter Hemorrhages

56
Q

Suggestive of pain or structural abnormalities of pelvis, pectoral, or vertebral regions that may interfere with respiratory patterns

A

Abnormal posture

57
Q

May be associated with CHF, liver failure, lymphedema, or venous insufficiency

A

Edema

58
Q

May result from varicose veins, thrombophlebitis, or trauma

A

Localized edema

PTA 240 (Cardiopulmonary) (13 decks)

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