CH 14 Vascular, lymphatic, and integumentary systems Flashcards
Which system carries rich, oxygenated blood away from the heart?
Arteries
Which system branches off into sections with small diameters (Arterioles)?
Arteries
Which system have thicker walls due to bearing strong blood flow pressures generated by the heart?
Arteries
Which system is strong and durable to keep cylindrical shape when stretched?
Arteries
Which system has the ability to change in diameter when volume of blood passing through them changes or when the sympathetic division of autonomic nervous system is triggered (vasodilation/vasoconstriction)?
Arteries
Which system does not need valves to effect blood flow due to their contractile abilities?
Arteries
Which systems are apart of the vascular system?
Arterial and Venous
Which system returns oxygen-depleted blood from tissues and organs to the heart?
Veins
Which system has superficial blood capillaries that empty into venules to carry blood toward medium-sized veins?
Veins
Veins that run below the fascia of the muscles
Superficial veins
Veins that run below the fascia
Deep Veins
Veins that run between superficial and deep, penetrating the fascia to connect the superficial and deep vessels
Perforating
Which system has 3-layered walls but do not need to be as muscular or elastic as arteries because blood pressure is lower?
Veins
Which system has thin walls that collapse or tear when stressed?
Veins
Which system has low blood pressure so they cannot oppose the force of gravity without structural assistance?
Veins
What type of veins have valves that project from inner walls and point in the direction of blood flow?
Medium-sized veins
What type of vein valves prevent backflow?
Normal valves
What do normal vein valves do?
Prevent blood backflow; any movement compresses or pulls a vein to push blood toward the heart
What happens in weaken/enlarged veins?
Blood begins to pool causing veins to become distended and creates varicose veins
When valve(s) do not close properly is called?
Venous Reflux
What system is parallel to the venous system (works with it)?
Lymphatic
Function of what system: protect the body via immune response and to facilitate movement of fluid back and forth between the bloodstream and interstitium (removing excess fluid, blood waster, and protein molecules during fluid exchange)
Lymphatic
What part of the lymphatic system is located in all portions of the body except CNS and cornea?
Lymphatics
What are the components of the lymphatic system?
Lymph vessels (superficial, intermediate, deep-lymphatics), lymph fluid, and lymph tissues and organs (lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen, thymus, and thoracic duct)
What part of the lymphatic system is absorbed at the capillary level, channeled through small vessels (precollectors) then to larger, valved vessels (collectors)?
Lymph fluid (Lymph)
What part of the lymphatic system has contractile properties, smooth muscles, and valves?
Collectors
What part of the lymphatic system is thinner and more likely to collapse under pressure than veins?
Lymphatic vessels
How does lymph fluid move superficially?
Diffusion and filtration
How does lymph fluid move below the dermis?
By contraction within the vessel to drive fluid deeper into the collector vessels
What part of the lymphatic system depends on the contraction of valved lymph vessels that create a pumping force?
Drainage
What type of lymphatic system is normally transported through the thoracic duct and emptied into the venous angles to the left and right jugular veins trunk?
Excess lymph drainage
What part of the lymphatic system is not adversely affected by gravity?
Lymph flow
What abnormal conditions cause excess lymph pooling related to gravity in LE?
Morbid obesity, CVI
How does the parasympathetic, sympathetic, and sensory nerve contractions (stimulation) affect the lymphatic system?
Stimuli that has an impact on the lymphangion contraction
How does the contraction of muscles adjacent to blood vessels affect the lymphatic system?
Stimuli that has an impact on the lymphangion contraction
How does the pulsation of arteries adjacent to lymph vessels (even pre-capillary arterioles have pulsation) affect the lymphatic system?
Stimuli that has an impact on the lymphangion contraction
How does the abdominal and thoracic cavity pressure changes during breathing affect the lymphatic system?
Stimuli that has an impact on the lymphangion contraction
How does volume changes within each lymphanion (internal receptors respond to tension and trigger a contraction) affect the lymphatic system?
Stimuli that has an impact on the lymphangion contraction
How does mild mechanical stimulation of dermal tissues (manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) techniques will increase frequency of lymphangion contractions?)
Stimuli that has an impact on the lymphangion contraction
What system is also referred to as an organ?
Integumentary
What system is most often seen/touched and examined by a physical therapist?
Integumentary
What system has a functional relation with many other body systems?
Integumentary
What system has health that is dependent on the normal function of the arterial, venous, and lymphatic capillaries (dermal circulation)?
Integumentary
What is the outermost layer of skin, avascular, and water resistant?
Epidermis
What layer of skin provides protection from infection, abrasions, and chemicals and assists with heat regulation, retention, and dissipation?
Epidermis
What is present in the epidermis, determines skin color, and provides protection from ultraviolet radiation?
Melanocytes
What layer of skin regenerates rapidly, allowing individuals to heal quickly when conditions are normal?
Epidermis
What layer of skin is 20-30 times thicker than the epidermis?
Dermis
What layer of skin contains blood vessels and lymphatics, nerve and nerve endings, and sensory neurons that all supply the epidermis?
Dermis
What layer of skin contains hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and nails?
Dermis
What skin layer has contents that are surrounded and supported by collagen, elastin, and ground substance that provides structure, strength, flexibility, and elasticity?
Dermis
What layer of skin is also known as the subcutaneous layer?
Hypodermis
What layer of skin is not part of the integument but important in stabilizing skin over skeletal muscles and organs?
Hypodermis
What layer of skin consists of loose connective tissue and fat cells, and provides insulation and protection to underlying structures?
Hypodermis
What layer of skin plays an important role in the prevention of pressure injuries, especially over ischial tuberosities and greater trochanter?
Hypodermis
What is the sequelae of impaired components of the integument after injury?
Decreased lubrication, loss of elasticity, increased scar formation, loss of tensile strength, decreased ability to resist infection, and increase or decrease in sensitivity.
