Ch. 2 Infection Control

Question 1

What are OSHA regulations designed to do and protect?

Answer 1

Primary intent is to protect employees. Issues and enforces laws and regulations on health and safety in the workplace. Protects the health of employees and consumers.

Question 2

Who does an OSHA inspector discuss the outcome of the inspection?

Answer 2

Clinic administrator or office manager

Question 3

What does OPIM stand for?

Answer 3

Other potentially infections material

Question 4

What is Bloodborne Pathogens Standard created to minimize? Who does it cover and where does it cover that individual?

Answer 4

To minimize the transmission of potentially deadly organisms, covers all employees who would be considered at risk of occupational exposure with performing his/her duties.

Question 5

What organ does hepatitis interfere with?

Answer 5

Liver

Question 6

Hepatitis A- HAV

Answer 6

Is transmitted by drinking water or eating food contaminated with fecal material that contains the virus. Flu-like symptoms, such as fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, dark urine, and jaundice. Treatment would include bed rest and avoidance of intimate contact. Can last between three weeks and six months. Two approved vaccine immune globulin for short-term protection and for patients already exposed, and hepaptitis A vaccine for long-term protection.

Question 7

Hepatitis B - HBV

Answer 7

Exposure to infected blood, unprotected sex with an infected person, the sharing of contaminated needles, and travel to countries with a high rate of infection. Infected mothers also may infect newborns. Loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, fever, fatigue, abdominal pain, dark urine, or jaundice. No symptoms in some people. Interferon alpha. A vaccine is available that can provide immunity.

Question 8

Hepatitis C - HCV

Answer 8

Direct contact with human blood, which can result from being picked accidentally but a contaminated needle for from sharing needles, razors, or toothbrushes with an infected person. More than half of those infected have no symptoms. Others have appetite loss, fatigue, nausea, fever, dark-yellow- urine, and jaundice. Liver testes may be elevated. Interferon or a combination of interferon adn the drug Ribavirin. No vaccine.

Question 9

Hepatitis D - HDV

Answer 9

Contact with infected blood. Requires the hepatitis B virus to replicate, so it either infects at the same time as hepatitis B or infects those who already have hepatitis B. Same symptoms as for hepatitis B, but typically more severe: appetitive loss, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, and abdominal pain. Interferon alpha for hepatitis B may have some effect.

Question 10

What are Protozoa?

Answer 10

Single-called organisms transmitted via direct or indirect contact for by an infected carrier.

Question 11

What are anthopods?

Answer 11

Includes scabies (mites, lice, bedbugs, and flees, all of which generally infest skin, causing inflammation and itching.

Question 12

What are helminths?

Answer 12

Includes roundworms, tapeworms, and flukes. They infect humans principally through ingestion of fertilized eggs or when the larvae penetrate the skin or mucous membrane.

Question 13

If anything comes into contact with a person is it contaminated or sterilized?

Answer 13

Contaminated

Question 14

What causes contact irritant dermatitis?

Answer 14

Non-allergic response to natural rubber latex (NRL). Improper hand hygiene, soaps, lotions, contact with disinfectants, and the wearing of latex gloves are some causes of irritations. Also, chemicals and perspiration within gloves.

Question 15

What does these term Donning Gloves mean?

Answer 15

A specific act of putting gloves on appropriately to reduce chances of contaminating the glove.

Question 16

Name some factors that are necessary for proper glove fitting.

Answer 16

Glove length, width, finger contour, and thumb position.

Question 17

What is the first step you take to prepare something for sterilization?

Answer 17

Put on disposable gloves.

Question 18

Name the differences between the terms ACUTE and CHRONIC.

Answer 18

Acute describes the rapid-onset, short-term initial state of disease. Chronic describes long-term or persistent disease. S

Question 19

What should you do when filling a pouch for sterilization?

Answer 19

Packages must be sized properly. All sterile packages should be inspected before storage and before use to ensure that the packaging materials and/or seals hav not been compromised.

Question 20

What temperature should you set an autoclave in order to kill all organisms?

Answer 20

274F / 134C

Question 21

What is a mechanical irritation?

Answer 21

Tissue damage due to repeated physical contact to the tissue.

Question 22

How many minutes should someone’s eyes be flushed if they have something in their eye?

Answer 22

15-20 minutes

Question 23

Endogenous Infection

Answer 23

An infection that occurs when bacteria travels from a site where they were harmless to a site where they can cause infection.

Question 24

Occupational Exposure

Answer 24

Reasonably anticipated skin, eye, mucous membrane, or potential contact with blood or other potentially infectious material (OPIM) that may result from the performance of an employees job duties.

Question 25

Opportunistic Bacteria

Answer 25

Bacteria that will not cause harm when on a healthy host, but once they have entered the skin and the chain of infection is not broken, they can cause infection and disease.

Question 26

Parenteral Hazards

Answer 26

Describes the risk involved of piercing of mucous membranes or skin barrier through such events as needle sticks, bites, cuts, and abrasions.

Question 27

Decontaminate

Answer 27

To use physical or chemical means to remove, inactivate, or destroy bloodborne pathogens or other potentially infectious material on a surface or item so that they are no longer capable of transmitting infections particles. The surface of item is rendered safe for handling, use, or disposal.

Question 28

Safety Plan

Answer 28

A plan for avoiding potential exposure and for dealing with it should an exposure occurs.

Question 29

Transient

Answer 29

Microorganism so that travels easily on hands clothing, or inanimate objects, they are removed through hand washing and proper cleaning and disinfect ions of work areas.

Question 30

Autoimmune Disorders

Answer 30

A disease in which the body produces a defective immunological response against itself. Normally that body’s immune mechanism can distinguish between normal and foreign substances. In autoimmune diseases, the immune system produces antibodies against normal part so the body to such an extent as to cause a tissue injury.

Question 31

Exposure Plan

Answer 31

Protects workers from exposure to blood and other body fluids. “Living” decadent, used as a source of information for answering bloodborne pathogen-related questions and to help insure exposure control activities are in place.

Question 32

Medication Affecting Immune System

Answer 32

1. Glucocorticoids -suppressed response, used in transplantation, autoimmune disorders, severe allergies, swelling of joins (RA)
2. Cytostatics- used in autoimmune disorders
3. Interferon-used in multiple sclerosis (MS)
4. Opioids

Question 33

Halo Effect

Answer 33

May been seen around debris imbedded in glove material. The halo may indicate a weakened area that can fracture during use. This effect is occasionally seen at glove fingertips, where a drip of liquid glove material solidifies during the production process.

Question 34

What does OSHA stand for?

Answer 34

Occupational Safety and Health Administration