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cos 241 > Ch 2 Gen A&P Review > Flashcards

Ch 2 Gen A&P Review Flashcards

1
Q

_____ is the process of cell reproduction that occurs when the cell divides into two identical daughter cells. Cells convert nutrients to energy through a chemical process called _____, which is divided into two parts: _____, which is the process of simple molecules combining to form a complex molecule, and _____, which is the breaking down of complex molecules into simple molecules.

A

mitosis; metabolism; anabolism; catabolism

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2
Q

_____ is/are the basic unit(s) of all living things, and is/are made up of (the) _____, in which nutrients, mineral salts, and water are present. (The) _____ contain(s) the cell’s genetic material and is/are surrounded by a watery fluid called _____. (The) _____ allow(s) certain substances to enter the cell.

A

Cells; protoplasm; nucleus; cytoplasm; cell membrane

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3
Q

What is a group of cells that perform a specific function?

A

Tissue

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4
Q

What type of tissue binds and supports other tissues and organs?

A

connective tissue

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5
Q

What type of tissue provides a covering that protects the body?

A

epithelial tissue

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6
Q

What type of tissue carries messages to and from the brain?

A

nerve tissue

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7
Q

Which body system includes the ovaries and testes?

A

the reproductive system

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8
Q

Which body system breaks down food into nutrients and waste?

A

the digestive system

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9
Q

Which body system controls hormone levels within the body?

A

the endocrine system

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10
Q

Which body system eliminates waste from the body?

A

the excretory system

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11
Q

Which body system includes the bones and joints

A

the skeletal system

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12
Q

Which body system includes the lungs and air passages?

A

the respiratory system

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13
Q

Which body system controls the movement of blood throughout the body?

A

the circulatory system

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14
Q

what is the body’s largest organ?

A

skin

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15
Q

what system are the salivary glands part of?

A

the digestive system

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16
Q

what system produces offspring?

A

the reproductive system

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17
Q

What body system holds the skeletal system together?

A

the muscular system

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18
Q

body system that controls and regulates hormone production

A

endocrineb

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19
Q

body system that includes the lungs

A

respiratory

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20
Q

the heart is part of what body system?

A

circulatory

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21
Q

this body system includes 206 bones

A

skeletal

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22
Q

the spleen is an organ in this body system

A

immunet

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23
Q

he excretory system includes this organ…

A

liver

24
Q

A _____ is the connection between two or more bones

A

joint

25
Q

what is an example of a movable joint?

A

elbows, knees, and hips

26
Q

what is an example of an immovable joint?

A

the skull

27
Q

The study of the muscular system is called ____.

A

myology

28
Q

The middle part of the muscle is called the _____. The immovable part that is anchored to the bone is called _______. The movable part of the muscle is _____.

A

belly

origin

insertion

29
Q

The study of (the) _____, which contains the brain, spinal cord and nerves, is called (the) _____. This system consists of three parts: (the) _____, which controls voluntary muscle actions; (the) _____, which controls involuntary muscle action and regulates the action of the glands; and (the) _____, which connects the outer parts of the body to the brain and spinal cord.

A

-nervous system
-neurology
-central nervous system
-autonomic nervous system
-peripheral nervous system

30
Q

The nervous system contains many complex parts. The two main parts are the _____, which control(s) all the body’s functions, and the _____, which extend(s) from the skull downward. _____ extend(s) from these two large parts of the nervous system and in turn consist of two types: _____, which carry/carries messages from organs, and _____, which carry/carries messages that produce movement. (A) _____ is a/are reaction(s) that involves communication between both types.

A

-brain
-spinal cord
-nerves
-sensory nerves
-motor nerves
-reflex

31
Q

The _____, also known as the cardiovascular system, carry/carries blood in two types of circulation: _____, which carry/carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs for oxygenation and waste removal, and _____, which carry/carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart throughout the body and returns oxygen-poor blood back to the heart. The blood is carried by tubelike structures called (the) _____.

A

-circulatory system
-pulmonary circulation
-systemic circulation
-blood vessels

32
Q

Blood travels from the heart through thick-walled, flexible tubes called _____. Smaller types of these vessels, _____, carry blood to the _____, which supply nutrients to the cells, then carry away waste materials back to the heart, first through small _____, then through larger thin-walled, blood vessels collectively known as _____.

A

-arteries
-arterioles
-capillaries
-venules
-veins

33
Q

what color describes lymph?

A

pale yellow

34
Q

What system is part of the immune system and helps to defend against infection?

A

the lymphatic system

35
Q

Which is NOT part of the lymphatic system?

-liver
-thymus gland
-spleen
-the lymph nodes

A

liver

36
Q

lymph nodes filter ______.

A

bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells

37
Q

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the lymphatic system?

-to remove waste material form the body’s cells to the blood
-to carry messages between the spinal cord and the nerves
-to provide a suitable fluid environment for the cells
-to carry nourishment from the blood to the body cells

A

to carry messages between the spinal cord and the nerves

38
Q

The _____ is/are a group of specialized _____ that control the growth, development, reproduction, and health of the entire body. The pituitary and thyroid are examples of _____, while the _____, which may be sudoriferous or sebaceous, contain ducts. Insulin and estrogen are examples of _____, which influence the welfare of the whole body.

A

-endocrine system
-glands
-endocrine glands
-exocrine glands
-hormones

39
Q

Which of the following types of tissue in the body controls as well as coordinates all functions of the body?

-connective
-epithelial
-nerve
-muscle

A

nerve tissue

40
Q

The extensor digitorum longus is the muscle that __________.

A

extends the toes and bends the foot up

41
Q

__________ are two bones that form the sides and top of the skull’s cranium.

A

parietal bones

42
Q

One of the primary functions of the skeletal system is to __________.

A

help in the production of red and white blood cells

43
Q

__________, also called the shoulder blades, are two large, flat, and triangular shoulder bones.

A

scapulae

44
Q

Which of the following is the U-shaped bone at the tongue’s base that supports the tongue and its muscles?

A

hyoid bone

45
Q

What is the function of the circulatory system?

A

to regulate blood movement throughout the body

46
Q

A clear or pale-yellow fluid that has white blood cells and travels through lymph vessels is known as __________.

A

lymph

47
Q

Thin-walled blood vessels that carry waste products that contain blood to the heart and lungs for cleaning and to pick up oxygen are called __________.

A

veins

48
Q

Which of the following muscles surrounds and elevates the upper lip and dilates the nostrils, as when expressing distaste?

A

levator labii superioris

49
Q

Which of the following statements is true of joints?

A

a joint refers to the connection between two or more bones

50
Q

Motor nerves __________.

A

carry impulses from the brain to the glands or muscles

51
Q

Identify an exocrine gland.

A

sebaceous gland

52
Q

The uppermost and largest bone in the arm, extending from the elbow to the shoulder, is called the __________.

A

humerus

53
Q

The __________ controls involuntary muscle action and the action of the smooth muscles, glands, blood vessels, heart, and breathing.

A

autonomic nerve system

54
Q

Why is it important to understand the nervous system?

A

perform services such as massage, shampoos, and facial and nail services in a more safe and proficient way

55
Q

Epithelial tissue in the body __________.

A

is seen within many body parts such as mucous membranes and the skin

56
Q

The large, triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint that lets the arm extend outward and to the side of the body is called the __________.

A

deltoid

57
Q

Which of the following body systems provides a protective covering and controls body temperature?

A

the integumentary system

cos 241 (13 decks)

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