Ch 2 Gen A&P Review

Question 1

_____ is the process of cell reproduction that occurs when the cell divides into two identical daughter cells. Cells convert nutrients to energy through a chemical process called _____, which is divided into two parts: _____, which is the process of simple molecules combining to form a complex molecule, and _____, which is the breaking down of complex molecules into simple molecules.

Answer 1

mitosis; metabolism; anabolism; catabolism

Question 2

_____ is/are the basic unit(s) of all living things, and is/are made up of (the) _____, in which nutrients, mineral salts, and water are present. (The) _____ contain(s) the cell’s genetic material and is/are surrounded by a watery fluid called _____. (The) _____ allow(s) certain substances to enter the cell.

Answer 2

Cells; protoplasm; nucleus; cytoplasm; cell membrane

Question 3

What is a group of cells that perform a specific function?

Answer 3

Tissue

Question 4

What type of tissue binds and supports other tissues and organs?

Answer 4

connective tissue

Question 5

What type of tissue provides a covering that protects the body?

Answer 5

epithelial tissue

Question 6

What type of tissue carries messages to and from the brain?

Answer 6

nerve tissue

Question 7

Which body system includes the ovaries and testes?

Answer 7

the reproductive system

Question 8

Which body system breaks down food into nutrients and waste?

Answer 8

the digestive system

Question 9

Which body system controls hormone levels within the body?

Answer 9

the endocrine system

Question 10

Which body system eliminates waste from the body?

Answer 10

the excretory system

Question 11

Which body system includes the bones and joints

Answer 11

the skeletal system

Question 12

Which body system includes the lungs and air passages?

Answer 12

the respiratory system

Question 13

Which body system controls the movement of blood throughout the body?

Answer 13

the circulatory system

Question 14

what is the body’s largest organ?

Answer 14

skin

Question 15

what system are the salivary glands part of?

Answer 15

the digestive system

Question 16

what system produces offspring?

Answer 16

the reproductive system

Question 17

What body system holds the skeletal system together?

Answer 17

the muscular system

Question 18

body system that controls and regulates hormone production

Answer 18

endocrineb

Question 19

body system that includes the lungs

Answer 19

respiratory

Question 20

the heart is part of what body system?

Answer 20

circulatory

Question 21

this body system includes 206 bones

Answer 21

skeletal

Question 22

the spleen is an organ in this body system

Answer 22

immunet

Question 23

he excretory system includes this organ…

Answer 23

liver

Question 24

A _____ is the connection between two or more bones

Answer 24

joint

Question 25

what is an example of a movable joint?

Answer 25

elbows, knees, and hips

Question 26

what is an example of an immovable joint?

Answer 26

the skull

Question 27

The study of the muscular system is called ____.

Answer 27

myology

Question 28

The middle part of the muscle is called the _____. The immovable part that is anchored to the bone is called _______. The movable part of the muscle is _____.

Answer 28

belly origin insertion

Question 29

The study of (the) _____, which contains the brain, spinal cord and nerves, is called (the) _____. This system consists of three parts: (the) _____, which controls voluntary muscle actions; (the) _____, which controls involuntary muscle action and regulates the action of the glands; and (the) _____, which connects the outer parts of the body to the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 29

-nervous system -neurology -central nervous system -autonomic nervous system -peripheral nervous system

Question 30

The nervous system contains many complex parts. The two main parts are the _____, which control(s) all the body's functions, and the _____, which extend(s) from the skull downward. _____ extend(s) from these two large parts of the nervous system and in turn consist of two types: _____, which carry/carries messages from organs, and _____, which carry/carries messages that produce movement. (A) _____ is a/are reaction(s) that involves communication between both types.

Answer 30

-brain -spinal cord -nerves -sensory nerves -motor nerves -reflex

Question 31

The _____, also known as the cardiovascular system, carry/carries blood in two types of circulation: _____, which carry/carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs for oxygenation and waste removal, and _____, which carry/carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart throughout the body and returns oxygen-poor blood back to the heart. The blood is carried by tubelike structures called (the) _____.

Answer 31

-circulatory system -pulmonary circulation -systemic circulation -blood vessels

Question 32

Blood travels from the heart through thick-walled, flexible tubes called _____. Smaller types of these vessels, _____, carry blood to the _____, which supply nutrients to the cells, then carry away waste materials back to the heart, first through small _____, then through larger thin-walled, blood vessels collectively known as _____.

Answer 32

-arteries -arterioles -capillaries -venules -veins

Question 33

what color describes lymph?

Answer 33

pale yellow

Question 34

What system is part of the immune system and helps to defend against infection?

Answer 34

the lymphatic system

Question 35

Which is NOT part of the lymphatic system? -liver -thymus gland -spleen -the lymph nodes

Answer 35

liver

Question 36

lymph nodes filter ______.

Answer 36

bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the lymphatic system? -to remove waste material form the body's cells to the blood -to carry messages between the spinal cord and the nerves -to provide a suitable fluid environment for the cells -to carry nourishment from the blood to the body cells

Answer 37

to carry messages between the spinal cord and the nerves

Question 38

The _____ is/are a group of specialized _____ that control the growth, development, reproduction, and health of the entire body. The pituitary and thyroid are examples of _____, while the _____, which may be sudoriferous or sebaceous, contain ducts. Insulin and estrogen are examples of _____, which influence the welfare of the whole body.

Answer 38

-endocrine system -glands -endocrine glands -exocrine glands -hormones

Question 39

Which of the following types of tissue in the body controls as well as coordinates all functions of the body? -connective -epithelial -nerve -muscle

Answer 39

nerve tissue

Question 40

The extensor digitorum longus is the muscle that __________.

Answer 40

extends the toes and bends the foot up

Question 41

__________ are two bones that form the sides and top of the skull's cranium.

Answer 41

parietal bones

Question 42

One of the primary functions of the skeletal system is to __________.

Answer 42

help in the production of red and white blood cells

Question 43

__________, also called the shoulder blades, are two large, flat, and triangular shoulder bones.

Answer 43

scapulae

Question 44

Which of the following is the U-shaped bone at the tongue's base that supports the tongue and its muscles?

Answer 44

hyoid bone

Question 45

What is the function of the circulatory system?

Answer 45

to regulate blood movement throughout the body

Question 46

A clear or pale-yellow fluid that has white blood cells and travels through lymph vessels is known as __________.

Answer 46

lymph

Question 47

Thin-walled blood vessels that carry waste products that contain blood to the heart and lungs for cleaning and to pick up oxygen are called __________.

Answer 47

veins

Question 48

Which of the following muscles surrounds and elevates the upper lip and dilates the nostrils, as when expressing distaste?

Answer 48

levator labii superioris

Question 49

Which of the following statements is true of joints?

Answer 49

a joint refers to the connection between two or more bones

Question 50

Motor nerves __________.

Answer 50

carry impulses from the brain to the glands or muscles

Question 51

Identify an exocrine gland.

Answer 51

sebaceous gland

Question 52

The uppermost and largest bone in the arm, extending from the elbow to the shoulder, is called the __________.

Answer 52

humerus

Question 53

The __________ controls involuntary muscle action and the action of the smooth muscles, glands, blood vessels, heart, and breathing.

Answer 53

autonomic nerve system

Question 54

Why is it important to understand the nervous system?

Answer 54

perform services such as massage, shampoos, and facial and nail services in a more safe and proficient way

Question 55

Epithelial tissue in the body __________.

Answer 55

is seen within many body parts such as mucous membranes and the skin

Question 56

The large, triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint that lets the arm extend outward and to the side of the body is called the __________.

Answer 56

deltoid

Question 57

Which of the following body systems provides a protective covering and controls body temperature?

Answer 57

the integumentary system