Ch 2 Gen A&P Review Flashcards
_____ is the process of cell reproduction that occurs when the cell divides into two identical daughter cells. Cells convert nutrients to energy through a chemical process called _____, which is divided into two parts: _____, which is the process of simple molecules combining to form a complex molecule, and _____, which is the breaking down of complex molecules into simple molecules.
mitosis; metabolism; anabolism; catabolism
_____ is/are the basic unit(s) of all living things, and is/are made up of (the) _____, in which nutrients, mineral salts, and water are present. (The) _____ contain(s) the cell’s genetic material and is/are surrounded by a watery fluid called _____. (The) _____ allow(s) certain substances to enter the cell.
Cells; protoplasm; nucleus; cytoplasm; cell membrane
What is a group of cells that perform a specific function?
Tissue
What type of tissue binds and supports other tissues and organs?
connective tissue
What type of tissue provides a covering that protects the body?
epithelial tissue
What type of tissue carries messages to and from the brain?
nerve tissue
Which body system includes the ovaries and testes?
the reproductive system
Which body system breaks down food into nutrients and waste?
the digestive system
Which body system controls hormone levels within the body?
the endocrine system
Which body system eliminates waste from the body?
the excretory system
Which body system includes the bones and joints
the skeletal system
Which body system includes the lungs and air passages?
the respiratory system
Which body system controls the movement of blood throughout the body?
the circulatory system
what is the body’s largest organ?
skin
what system are the salivary glands part of?
the digestive system
what system produces offspring?
the reproductive system
What body system holds the skeletal system together?
the muscular system
body system that controls and regulates hormone production
endocrineb
body system that includes the lungs
respiratory
the heart is part of what body system?
circulatory
this body system includes 206 bones
skeletal
the spleen is an organ in this body system
immunet
he excretory system includes this organ…
liver
A _____ is the connection between two or more bones
joint
what is an example of a movable joint?
elbows, knees, and hips
what is an example of an immovable joint?
the skull
The study of the muscular system is called ____.
myology
The middle part of the muscle is called the _____. The immovable part that is anchored to the bone is called _______. The movable part of the muscle is _____.
belly
origin
insertion
The study of (the) _____, which contains the brain, spinal cord and nerves, is called (the) _____. This system consists of three parts: (the) _____, which controls voluntary muscle actions; (the) _____, which controls involuntary muscle action and regulates the action of the glands; and (the) _____, which connects the outer parts of the body to the brain and spinal cord.
-nervous system
-neurology
-central nervous system
-autonomic nervous system
-peripheral nervous system
The nervous system contains many complex parts. The two main parts are the _____, which control(s) all the body’s functions, and the _____, which extend(s) from the skull downward. _____ extend(s) from these two large parts of the nervous system and in turn consist of two types: _____, which carry/carries messages from organs, and _____, which carry/carries messages that produce movement. (A) _____ is a/are reaction(s) that involves communication between both types.
-brain
-spinal cord
-nerves
-sensory nerves
-motor nerves
-reflex
The _____, also known as the cardiovascular system, carry/carries blood in two types of circulation: _____, which carry/carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs for oxygenation and waste removal, and _____, which carry/carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart throughout the body and returns oxygen-poor blood back to the heart. The blood is carried by tubelike structures called (the) _____.
-circulatory system
-pulmonary circulation
-systemic circulation
-blood vessels
Blood travels from the heart through thick-walled, flexible tubes called _____. Smaller types of these vessels, _____, carry blood to the _____, which supply nutrients to the cells, then carry away waste materials back to the heart, first through small _____, then through larger thin-walled, blood vessels collectively known as _____.
-arteries
-arterioles
-capillaries
-venules
-veins
what color describes lymph?
pale yellow
What system is part of the immune system and helps to defend against infection?
the lymphatic system
Which is NOT part of the lymphatic system?
-liver
-thymus gland
-spleen
-the lymph nodes
liver
lymph nodes filter ______.
bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells
Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the lymphatic system?
-to remove waste material form the body’s cells to the blood
-to carry messages between the spinal cord and the nerves
-to provide a suitable fluid environment for the cells
-to carry nourishment from the blood to the body cells
to carry messages between the spinal cord and the nerves
The _____ is/are a group of specialized _____ that control the growth, development, reproduction, and health of the entire body. The pituitary and thyroid are examples of _____, while the _____, which may be sudoriferous or sebaceous, contain ducts. Insulin and estrogen are examples of _____, which influence the welfare of the whole body.
-endocrine system
-glands
-endocrine glands
-exocrine glands
-hormones
Which of the following types of tissue in the body controls as well as coordinates all functions of the body?
-connective
-epithelial
-nerve
-muscle
nerve tissue
The extensor digitorum longus is the muscle that __________.
extends the toes and bends the foot up
__________ are two bones that form the sides and top of the skull’s cranium.
parietal bones
One of the primary functions of the skeletal system is to __________.
help in the production of red and white blood cells
__________, also called the shoulder blades, are two large, flat, and triangular shoulder bones.
scapulae
Which of the following is the U-shaped bone at the tongue’s base that supports the tongue and its muscles?
hyoid bone
What is the function of the circulatory system?
to regulate blood movement throughout the body
A clear or pale-yellow fluid that has white blood cells and travels through lymph vessels is known as __________.
lymph
Thin-walled blood vessels that carry waste products that contain blood to the heart and lungs for cleaning and to pick up oxygen are called __________.
veins
Which of the following muscles surrounds and elevates the upper lip and dilates the nostrils, as when expressing distaste?
levator labii superioris
Which of the following statements is true of joints?
a joint refers to the connection between two or more bones
Motor nerves __________.
carry impulses from the brain to the glands or muscles
Identify an exocrine gland.
sebaceous gland
The uppermost and largest bone in the arm, extending from the elbow to the shoulder, is called the __________.
humerus
The __________ controls involuntary muscle action and the action of the smooth muscles, glands, blood vessels, heart, and breathing.
autonomic nerve system
Why is it important to understand the nervous system?
perform services such as massage, shampoos, and facial and nail services in a more safe and proficient way
Epithelial tissue in the body __________.
is seen within many body parts such as mucous membranes and the skin
The large, triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint that lets the arm extend outward and to the side of the body is called the __________.
deltoid
Which of the following body systems provides a protective covering and controls body temperature?
the integumentary system
