ch 2: close reading Flashcards
reading closely involves comprehending what is stated both
directly/indirectly
to read closely, begin with small details to be able to see the
big picture
examine a text’s …, …, … and …
sentence structure; vocabulary; imagery; figurative language
analyzing style reveals:
meaning, purpose, effect
diction: an author’s
word choice
syntax: arrangement of the
words in a text
tone is the speaker’s attitude toward the subject as revealed by
his/her choice of language
mood: the sentiments that a text
evokes from readers
active reading is an exchange between the reader and the text that eventually reveals
layers of meaning
(questions to ask about the text) why did the author choose the
words they did?
(questions to ask about the text) why did the author use such
sentence patterns?
(diction includes) metaphors: comparisons that don’t use
like or as
(diction includes) similes: comparisons that use the terms
like or as
(diction includes) personification: the act of giving human qualities to
inanimate objects/ animals
(diction includes) hyperbole:
exaggerations
(syntax includes) parallelism: words, phrases, or clauses that have the
same sentence structure
(syntax includes) juxtaposition: placing two things near one another to
highlight similarities/ differences
(syntax includes) antithesis: contrast of
words/ideas in parallel construction
(syntax includes) compound sentences: conains more than one
subject/predicate
(syntax includes) complex sentences: has
subordinate clauses
(syntax includes) periodic sentences: the main clause appears at the
end of the sentence
(syntax includes) cumulative sentence: includes the main idea at the beginning of the sentnece, with the
rest of the sentence adding details to this idea
(syntax includes) imperative sentences:
command
(syntax includes) pac..
pacing
(diction questions) what words are .., and what parts of … are they?
attention grabbing; speech
(diction questions) is the text,
formal, informal, colloquial, or slang?
(diction questions) does the author utilize
figures of speech?
(diction questions) are there words that have strong … or evoke strong …
connotations; emotional responses?
(syntax questions) what is the order of the
parts of the sentence?
(syntax questions) what type of … are used?
sentences
(syntax questions) are the sentences .., …, …, etc?
long; simple; compound
(syntax questions) does the writer ask
questions?
(syntax questions) how does the author connect .., …, etc?
words; phrases
annotatings incorporate: circling .., identifying significant .., identifying significant/ difficult ., … , and …
unfamilar words; ideas; words; phrases; sentences
annnotating also includes noting utilization of …, including .. and …
figures of speech; imagery; “striking detail”
imagery: … language
descriptive
oxymoron: an adjective noun combination that is
contradictory
zeugma: use of two different words in a grammatically similar way that produces
different, often incongruous, meanings
satire: the use of … or … to criticize
sarcasm; irony
visual texts can still be analyzed using
the rhetorical triangle
for visual texts, attention is still placed on …, both in terms of the way that they are arranged on the image as well as their individual significance
words that may be included
antimetabole: repetition of words in
reverse order
asyndeton: omission of conjunctions between
coordinate phrases, clauses, or words
hortative sentence: sentence that …, …, …, … or …
exhorts, urges, entreats, implores, or calls to action
synedoche: figure of speech that uses a part to
represent the whole
