Ch. 2

Question 1

What is the core temperature the pulse, the respirations, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure for a newborn?

Answer 1

Temp: 96 to 99.5
Pulse: 120 to 170
Respirations: 30 to 60
Systolic: 45 to 75
Diastolic: 20 to 50

Question 2

What is the temperature pulse rate, respirations, systolic and diastolic blood pressure for an infant (1 mo-1 yr)?

Answer 2

Temp: 99.4 to 99.7
Pulse: 80 to 160
Respirations: 30 to 60
Systolic: 75 to 100
Diastolic: 50 to 70

Question 3

What is the temperature pulse rate, respirations, systolic and diastolic blood pressure for a toddler (1-3 yr)?

Answer 3

Temp: 99.4 to 99.7
Pulse: 80 to 130
Respirations: 25 to 40
Systolic : 80 to 110
Diastolic: 55 to 80

Question 4

What is the temperature pulse rate, respirations, systolic and diastolic blood pressure for a preschooler (3-6 yr)?

Answer 4

Temp: 98.6 to 99
Pulse: 80 to 120
Respirations: 20 to 35
Systolic: 80 to 110
Diastolic: 50 to 80

Question 5

What is the temperature pulse rate, respirations, systolic and diastolic blood pressure for a child (6-12 yr)?

Answer 5

Temp: 98.6
Pulse: 65 to 100
Respirations: 20 to 30
Systolic: 100 to 110
Diastolic: 60 to 70

Question 6

What is the temperature pulse rate, respirations, systolic and diastolic blood pressure for an adolescent (12-18 yr)?

Answer 6

Temp: 97 to 99
Pulse: 60 to 90
Respirations: 12 to 20
Systolic: 110 to 120
Diastolic: 60 to 65

Question 7

What is the temperature pulse rate, respirations, systolic and diastolic blood pressure for an adult?

Answer 7

Temp: 97 to 99
Pulse: 60 to 100
Respirations: 12 to 20
Systolic: 110 to 140
Diastolic: 60 to 90

Question 8

What is the temperature pulse rate, respirations, systolic and diastolic blood pressure for an older adult (>70 yr)?

Answer 8

Temp: 95 to 99
Pulse: 60-100
Respirations: 12 to 20
Systolic: 120 to 140
Diastolic: 70 to 90

Question 9

Describe the major components of a body temperature?

Answer 9

Core temperature, vasodilation & vasoconstriction

Question 10

Describe the major components of a pulse?

Answer 10

The vascular system. A rhythmic arterial blood pressure throb created by the pumping action of the ventricular muscle.

Question 11

Describe the major components of respirations?

Answer 11

The diaphragm and the lungs.

Question 12

Describe the main components of blood pressure?

Answer 12

Systolic and diastolic pressure, pulse pressure.

Question 13

Describe the major components of O2 saturation?

Answer 13

Mild, moderate, and severe hypoxemia.

Question 14

Describe the lung chest typography for thoracic cage landmarks?

Answer 14

Question 15

Describe the lungs and chest typography for imaginary lines?

Answer 15

Question 16

Describe the lung and chest typography for lung borders and fissures?

Answer 16

Question 17

What is the purpose of inspection?

Answer 17

To observe the patient and see if there’s anything abnormal going on.

Question 18

Describe chest excursion?

Answer 18

The evaluation of symmetry of chest expansion when at pt inhaled and exhales.

Question 19

Describe tactile and vocal fremitus?

Answer 19

Tactile fremitus are the vibrations heard over the chest wall while vocal fremitus is the vibration of the vocal cords

Question 20

What is a dull percussion note?

Answer 20

A sound that is heard when the chest is percussed over areas of pleural thickening, pleural effusion, atelectasis, & consolidation

Question 21

What is a hyperresonant note?

Answer 21

When the chest is percussed over areas of trapped gas, sounds like a very loud, low pitch, and long duration, similar to a sound produced by knocking on an empty barrel

Question 22

What are abnormal breath sounds?

Answer 22

Lung sounds that are atypical, or uncharacteristic, lung sounds, that are not normally heard over a specific area of the thorax.

Question 23

What are normal breath sounds?

Answer 23

Bronchial, bronchovesicular, and circular breath sounds. What makes them normal is there pitch amplitude or intensity and duration of inspiratory sounds compared with expiration.

Question 24

Define afebrile?

Answer 24

A patient who has a temperature within the normal range

Question 25

What is chest excursion?

Answer 25

The symmetry of chess expansion evaluated by lightly placing each hand over the patient’s postolateral chest so that the thumbs meet at the midline at about the T8 to T-10 level

Question 26

What is constant fever?

Answer 26

When a patient’s body temperature remains above normal with minimal or no fluctuation

Question 27

What is intermittent fever?

Answer 27

When the patient’s body temperature alternate at regular intervals between periods of fever and periods of normal or below normal temperatures

Question 28

What is remittent fever?

Answer 28

The patient has marked peaks and valleys over a 24 hour period. All of which are above normal that is the body temperature does not return to normal between the spikes.

Question 29

What is relapsing fever?

Answer 29

When short febrile periods of a few days are interspersed with one or two days of normal temperature.

Question 30

What is crepitus?

Answer 30

A.k.a. subcutaneous emphysema is a coarse crackling sensation that may be palpable over the skin surface

Question 31

What is diaphragmatic excursion?

Answer 31

The relative position in range of motion of the hemi diaphragms determined by percussion. Maps out the lower lung borders by percussing the posterior chest from the apex down and identifying the point at which the percussion note definitely changes from a resonant to flat.

Question 32

What is distended neck veins?

Answer 32

When the major veins of the chest that return blood to the right side of the heart may be compressed. When this happens, venous return decreases and central venous pressure increases.

Question 33

What is diurnal variation?

Answer 33

An improvement of 60 L/min (or ≥20% of the prebronchodilator [PEFR] after inhalation of a bronchodilator or diurnal variation in PEFR of more than 20% (with twice-daily readings, more than 10%), suggests a diagnosis of asthma.

Question 34

What is dull percussion note?

Answer 34

When the chest is percussed over areas of pleural thickening, pleural effusion, atelectasis, and consolidation.

Question 35

What is hyperpyrexia?

Answer 35

And exceptionally high temperature such as 41°C (105.8°F).

Question 36

What is pyrexia?

Answer 36

A body temperature above the normal range. A.k.a. hyperthermia.

Question 37

What is tripod position?

Answer 37

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease usually secure their arms to something stationary and use the pecto- ralis major muscles to increase the anteroposterior diameter of the chest **OR** Leaning forward with arms and elbows supported on overbed table. Inability to life flat.

Question 38

What is tympany?

Answer 38

Hyperresonance

Question 39

What is ultrasonic Doppler?

Answer 39

A transmitter attached to a Doppler placed over the artery that amplifies and transmits the pulse sound to the earpiece, or to a speaker attached to the Doppler device

Question 40

What is vertebral line?

Answer 40

A.k.a., mid spinal line runs along the spinous process of the vertebrae.

Question 41

What is whispering pectoriloquy?

Answer 41

Whispered voice sounds heard over a consolidated lung are often louder and more intelligible compared with those of a normal lung.