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PA > ch. 19 > Flashcards

ch. 19 Flashcards

0
Q

Aortic regurgitation

A

Aortic insufficiency; incompetent aortic valve that allows backward flow of blood into left ventricle during diastole

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1
Q

Angina pectoris

A

Acute chest pain that occurs when myocardial demand exceeds its oxygen supply

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2
Q

Aortic stenosis

A

Calcification of aortic valve cusps that restricts forward flow of blood during systole

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3
Q

Aortic valve

A

The left semilunar valve separating the left ventricle and the aorta

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4
Q

Apex of the heart

A

Tip of the heart pointing down toward the 5th left intercostal space

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5
Q

Apical impulse

A

Point of maximal impulse, PMI; pulsation created as the left ventricle rotates against the chest wall during systole, normally at the 5th left intercostal space in the midclavicular line

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6
Q

Base of the heart

A

Broader area of heart’s outline located at the 3rd right and left intercostal space

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7
Q

Bell (of the stethoscope)

A

Cup-shaped endpiece used for soft, low-pitched heart sounds

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8
Q

Bradycardia

A

Slow heart rate, <50 beats per minute in the adult

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9
Q

Clubbing

A

Bulbous enlargement of distal phalanges of fingers and toes that occurs with chronic cyanotic heart and lung conditions

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10
Q

Coarctation of aorta

A

Severe narrowing of the descending aorta, a congenital heart defect

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11
Q

Cor pulmonale

A

Right ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure due to pulmonary hypertension

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12
Q

Cyanosis

A

Dusky blue mottling of the skin and mucous membranes due to excessive amount of reduced hemoglobin in the blood

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13
Q

Diaphragm (of the stethoscope)

A

Flat endpiece of the stethoscope used for hearing relatively high-pitched heart sounds

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14
Q

Diastole

A

The heart’s filling phase

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15
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficult, labored breathing

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16
Q

Edema

A

Swelling of legs or dependent body part due to increased interstitial fluid

17
Q

Erb’s point

A

Traditional auscultatory area in the 3rd left intercostal space

18
Q

First heart sound (S1)

A

Occurs with closure of the atrioventricular (AV) valves signaling the beginning of systole

19
Q

Fourth heart sound (S4)

A

S4 gallop; atrial gallop; very soft, low pitched ventricular filling sound that occurs in late diastole

20
Q

Gallop rhythm

A

The addition of a 3rd or 4th heart sound makes the rhythm sound like the cadence of a galloping horse

21
Q

Inching

A

Technique of moving the stethoscope incrementally across the precordium through the auscultatory areas while listening to the heart sounds

22
Q

LVH (left ventricular hypertrophy)

A

Increase in thickness of myocardial wall that occurs when the heart pumps against chronic outflow obstruction (e.g., aortic stenosis)

23
Q

MCL (midclavicular line)

A

Imaginary vertical line bisecting the middle of the clavicle in each hemithorax

24
Q

Mitral regurgitation

A

Mitral insufficiency; incompetent mitral valve allows regurgitation of blood back into left atrium during systole

25
Q

Mitral stenosis

A

Calcified mitral valve impedes forward flow of blood into left ventricle during diastole

26
Q

Palpitation

A

Uncomfortable awareness of rapid or irregular heart rate

27
Q

Paradoxical splitting

A

Opposite of a normal split S2, so that the split is heard in expiration and in inspiration the sounds fuse to one sound

28
Q

Pericardial friction rub

A

High-pitched, scratchy extracardiac sound heard when the precordium is inflamed

29
Q

Physiologic splitting

A

Normal variation in S2 heard as two separate components during inspiration

30
Q

Precordium

A

Area of the chest wall overlying the heart and great vessels

31
Q

Pulmonic regurgitation

A

Pulmonic insufficiency; backflow of blood through incompetent pulmonic valve into the right ventricle

32
Q

Pulmonic stenosis

A

Calcification of pulmonic valve that restricts forward flow of blood during systole

33
Q

Pulmonic valve

A

Right semilunar valve separating the right ventricle and pulmonary artery

34
Q

Second heart sound (S2)

A

Occurs with closure of the semilunar valves, aortic and pulmonic, and signals the end of systole

35
Q

Summation gallop

A

Abnormal mid-diastolic heart sound heard when both the pathologic S3 and S4 are present

36
Q

Syncope

A

Temporary loss of consciousness due to decreased cerebral blood flow (fainting), caused by ventricular asystole, pronounced bradycardia, or ventricular fibrillation

37
Q

Systole

A

The heart’s pumping phase

38
Q

Tachycardia

A

Rapid heart rate, >90 beats per minute in the adult

39
Q

Third heart sound (S3)

A

Soft, low pitched ventricular filling sound that occurs in early diastole (S3 gallop) and may be an early sign of heart failure

40
Q

Thrill

A

Palpable vibration on the chest wall accompanying severe heart murmur

41
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Right AV valve separating the right atria and ventricle

PA (16 decks)

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