ch. 18

Question 0

Angle of Louis

Answer 0

Manubriosternal angle, the articulation of the manubrium and body of the sternum, continuous with the second rib

Question 1

Alveoli

Answer 1

Functional units of the lung; the thin-walled chambers surrounded by networks of capillaries that are the site of respiratory exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen

Question 2

Apnea

Answer 2

Cessation of breathing

Question 3

Atelectasis

Answer 3

An abnormal respiratory condition characterized by collapsed, shrunken, deflated section of alveoli

Question 4

Bradypnea

Answer 4

Slow breathing, <10 breaths per minute, regular rate

Question 5

Bronchiole

Answer 5

One of the smaller respiratory passageways into which the segmental bronchi divide

Question 6

Bronchophony

Answer 6

The spoken voice sound heard through the stethoscope, which sounds soft, muffled, and indistinct over normal lung tissue

Question 7

Bronchovesicular

Answer 7

The normal breath sound heard over major bronchi, characterized by moderate pitch and an equal duration of inspiration and expiration

Question 8

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Answer 8

A functional category of abnormal respiratory conditions characterized by airflow obstruction (e.g., emphysema, chronic bronchitis)

Question 9

Cilia

Answer 9

Millions of hairlike cells lining the tracheobronchial tree

Question 10

Consolidation

Answer 10

The solidification of portions of lung tissue as it fills up with infectious exudate, as in pneumonia

Question 11

Crackles

Answer 11

Rales; abnormal, discontinuous, adventitious lung sounds heard on inspiration

Question 12

Crepitus

Answer 12

Coarse, crackling sensation palpable over the skin when air abnormally escapes from the lung and enters the subcutaneous tissue

Question 13

Dead space

Answer 13

Passageways that transport air but are not available for gaseous exchange (e.g., trachea, bronchi)

Question 14

Dyspnea

Answer 14

Difficult, labored breathing

Question 15

Egophony

Answer 15

The voice sound of “eeeee” heard through the stethoscope

Question 16

Emphysema

Answer 16

The chronic obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by enlargement of alveoli distal to terminal bronchioles

Question 17

Fissure

Answer 17

The narrow crack dividing the lobes of the lungs

Question 18

Fremitus

Answer 18

A palpable vibration from the spoken voice felt over the chest wall

Question 19

Friction rub

Answer 19

A coarse, grating, adventitious lung sound heard when the pleurae are inflamed

Question 20

Hypercapnia

Answer 20

Hypercarbia; increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood

Question 21

Hyperventilation

Answer 21

Increased rate and depth of breathing

Question 22

Hypoxemia

Answer 22

Decreased level of oxygen in the blood

Question 23

Intercostal space

Answer 23

Space between the ribs

Question 24

Kussmaul respiration

Answer 24

A type of hyperventilation that occurs with diabetic ketoacidosis

Question 25

Orthopnea

Answer 25

Ability to breathe easily only in an upright position

Question 26

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Answer 26

Sudden awakening from sleeping with shortness of breath

Question 27

Percussion

Answer 27

Striking over the chest wall with short, sharp blows of the fingers to determine the size and density of the underlying organ

Question 28

Pleural effusion

Answer 28

Abnormal fluid between the layers of the pleura

Question 29

Rhonchi

Answer 29

Low-pitched, musical, snoring, adventitious lung sound caused by airflow obstruction from secretions

Question 30

Tachypnea

Answer 30

Rapid, shallow breathing, >24 breaths per minute

Question 31

Vesicular

Answer 31

The soft, low-pitched, normal breath sounds heard over peripheral lung fields

Question 32

Vital capacity

Answer 32

The amount of air following maximal inspiration that can be exhaled

Question 33

Wheeze

Answer 33

High pitched, musical, squeaking adventitious lung sound

Question 34

Whispered pectoriloquy

Answer 34

A whispered phrase heard through the stethoscope that sounds faint and inaudible over normal lung tissue

Question 35

Xiphoid process

Answer 35

Sword-shaped lower tip of the sternum