ch. 11

Question 1

Android obesity

Answer 1

Excess body fat that is placed predominantly within the abdomen and upper body, as opposed to the hips and thighs

Question 2

Anthropometry

Answer 2

Measurement of the body (eg. height, weight, circumferences, skinfold thickness)

Question 3

Body mass index

Answer 3

Weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared; value of 30 or more is indicative of obesity, value of 18 or less is indicative of undernutrition

Question 4

Diet history

Answer 4

A detailed record of dietary intake obtainable from 24 hour recalls, food frequency questionnaires, food diaries, and similar methods

Question 5

Gynoid obesity

Answer 5

Excess body fat that is placed predominantly within the hips and thighs

Question 6

Kwashiorkor

Answer 6

Primarily a protein deficiency characterized by edema, growth failure, and muscle wasting

Question 7

Malnutrition

Answer 7

May mean any nutrition disorder but usually refers to long-term nutritional inadequacies or excesses

Question 8

Marasmic kwashiorkor

Answer 8

Combination of chronic energy deficit and chronic or acute protein deficiency

Question 9

Marasmus

Answer 9

Results from energy or protein deficiency, presenting with significant loss of body weight, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue mass, but with serum protein concentrations relatively intact

Question 10

Mid-arm muscle area (MAMA)

Answer 10

A more sensitive indicator of lean body mass than MAC or MAMC

Question 11

Mid-upper arm circumference (MAC)

Answer 11

An indicator of lean body mass and fat stores

Question 12

Mid-upper arm muscle circumference (MAMC)

Answer 12

An indicator of lean body mass calculated from the triceps skinfold thickness and the mid-upper arm circumference

Question 13

Nutritional monitoring

Answer 13

Assessment of dietary or nutritional status at intermittent times with the aim of detecting changes in the dietary or nutritional status of a population

Question 14

Nutrition screening

Answer 14

A process used to identify individuals at nutrition risk or with nutritional problems

Question 15

Obesity

Answer 15

Excessive accumulation of body fat; usually defined as 20% above desirable weight or body mass index 30.0 to 39.9

Question 16

Protein-calorie malnutrition (PSM)

Answer 16

Inadequate consumption of protein and energy, resulting in a gradual body wasting and increased susceptibility to infection

Question 17

Recommended dietary allowance (RDA)

Answer 17

Levels of intake of essential nutrients considered to be adequate to meet the nutritional needs of practically all healthy persons

Question 18

Serum proteins

Answer 18

Proteins present in serum that are indicators of the body’s visceral protein status (eg. albumin, prealbumin, transferrin)

Question 19

Skinfold thickness

Answer 19

Double fold of skin and underlying subcutaneous tissue that is measured with skinfold calipers at various body sites

Question 20

Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)

Answer 20

Waist or abdominal circumference divided by the hip or gluteal circumference; method for assessing fat distribution