ch 18

Question 1

allopatric speciation

Answer 1

speciation by genetic divergence of allopatric populations of an ancestral species

Question 2

assortative mating

Answer 2

nonrandom mating on the basis of phenotype; usually refers to positive assortative mating, the propensity to mate with others like phenotype

Question 3

ecological speciation

Answer 3

speciation caused by divergent selection, by ecological factors, on characteristics that contribute to reproductive isolation

Question 4

founder-flush speciation

Answer 4

hypothesis for speciation, in which genetic change is enhanced in populations that group rapidly after being founded by a few individuals

Question 5

parapatric speciation

Answer 5

speciation by genetic divergence occurs in a parapatric way

Question 6

peripatric speciation

Answer 6

speciation by evolution of reproductive isolation in peripatric populations as a consequence of a combination of genetic drift and natural selection

Question 7

recombinational speciation

Answer 7

origin of a new species by selection among genotypes formed by hybridization between two ancestral species

Question 8

reinforcement

Answer 8

evolution of enhanced reproductive isolation between populations due to natural selection for greater isolation

Question 9

reproductive character displacement

Answer 9

evolutionary process of accentuation of differences between sympatric populations of two species as a result of the reproductive or ecological interactions between them

Question 10

sympatric speciation

Answer 10

speciation by genetic divergence occurs in a sympatric way

Question 11

time for speciation (TFS)

Answer 11

amount of times required for reproductive isolation to evolve, once the process starts

Question 12

vicariance

Answer 12

separation of a continuously distributed ancestral population or species into separate populations because of the development of a geographic or ecological barrier