Ch 10 Flashcards
Severe, temporary reduction in population size
Bottle neck
Derivation of the gene copies in one or more populations from a single ancestral copy, viewed retrospectively
Coalescence
Local population; usually, a small, panmictic population
Deme
Causing fixed outcome, given initial condition
Deterministic
Effective size of a real population is equal to the number of individual in an ideal population that produces the rate of genetic drift seen in the real population
Effective population size
Attainment of a frequency of 1 by an allele in population, which thereby becomes monomorphic for the allele
Fixation
Principle that the founders of a new population carry only a fraction of the total generic variation in the source population
Founder effect
Limitation on the variation expressed in a phenotype because many variants have impaired function and reduce fitness
Functional constraint
Random changes in the frequencies of two or more alleles or genotype within a population
Genetic drift
Set of local populations, among which there may be gene flow and pattern of extinction and recolonization
Metapopulation
Hypothesis that most mutations that become fixed do not significantly altered fitness and have become fixed by genetic drift
Neutral theory of molecular evolution
Evolution by substitution of neutral alleles
Nonadaptive evolution
Mathematical model of a series of random steps, used to describe random genetic drift and some other biological processes
Random walk
Amount of inaccuracy in the estimate of some value of a population, caused by measuring only a portion of the population; by extension, the chance variation in the value of repeated samples from the population
Sampling error
Random
Stochastic
