Ch 11

Question 1

process of genetic change in a population whereby, as a result of natural selection, avg. state of a character becomes improved with reference to a specific function, or whereby a population is thought to have become better suited to some ft. of its environment

Answer 1

Adaptation

Question 2

conferral of a benefit on other individuals at an apparent cost to the donor

Answer 2

Altruistic trait

Question 3

procedure for inferring the adaptive function of a character by correlating its states in various taxa with one or more variables, such as ecological factors hypothesized to affect evolution

Answer 3

Comparative method

Question 4

evolution of a function of a gene, tissue, or structure other than the one it was originally adapted for, can also refer to the adaptive use of a previously nonadaptive trait

Answer 4

Exaptation

Question 5

Success of an entity in reproducing, the average contribution of an allele or genotype to the next generation or to succeeding generation

Answer 5

Fitness

Question 6

way in which a character contributes to the fitness of an organism

Answer 6

Function

Question 7

natural selection among alleles based on their effect in gametes

Answer 7

Gametic selection

Question 8

form of selection in which the single gene is the unit of selection, such that the outcome is determined by fitness values assigned to different alleles

Answer 8

Genic selection

Question 9

differential rate of origination or extinction of whole population on the basis of difference among them in one or more characteristics

Answer 9

Group selection

Question 10

change in the frequency of an allele due to linkage with a selected allele at another locus

Answer 10

Hitchhiking

Question 11

scientific method in which a hypothesis is tested by deducing expected data or observations form it, if it were true, and comparing the deduced predictions with real data

Answer 11

Hypothetico-deductive method

Question 12

form of natural selection consisting of nonrandom differences among different genotypes within a population in their contribution to subsequent generation

Answer 12

Individual selection

Question 13

form of selection whereby alleles differ in their rate of propagation by influencing the impact of their bearers on the reproductive success of individuals who carry the same alleles by common descent

Answer 13

Kin selection

Question 14

several kinds of reproducing biological entities that can vary in fitness, resulting in potential selection among them

Answer 14

Levels of selection

Question 15

denote a preponderance of one allele among the gametes produced by a heterozygote

Answer 15

Meiotic drive

Question 16

frequently used name for the belief that what is “natural” is morally right or good

Answer 16

Naturalistic fallacy

Question 17

possession of the necessary properties to permit a shift to a new niche,habitat, or function. A structure is pre adapted for a new function if it can assume that function without evolutionary modification

Answer 17

preadaptation

Question 18

fitness of a genotype or other biological entity, often measured by the average per capita number of offspring that a newly formed zygote will have, or by similar measures

Answer 18

reproductive success

Question 19

DNA sequence that has the capacity for its own replication, or replication via other self-replicating elements, but has no immediate function for the organism in which it resides

Answer 19

selfish genetic elements

Question 20

differential reproduction as a result of variation in the ability to obtain mates

Answer 20

sexual selection

Question 21

form of group selection in which species with different characteristics increase in number at different rates because of a difference in their characteristics

Answer 21

species selection