Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO 189 > Ch. 17: Animals and Evolution > Flashcards

Ch. 17: Animals and Evolution Flashcards

1
Q

Define invertebrate:

A

No backbone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define vertebrate:

A

With backbone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

4 t;hings all animals share in common:

A
  1. Multicellular, no cell wall
  2. Heterotrophic
  3. Blastula stage
  4. Cells secrete and bind to extracellular matrix
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is blastula?

A

beginning of animal embryo, Sphere of cells surrounding a fluid filled cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is extracellular matrix?

A

Substance of proteins and other things to help cell move

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Radial symmetry:

A

multiple similar parts around a central axis (sea stars)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bilateral symmetry:

A

One plane can divide animal into two mirror images (humans)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cephalization:

hint: C for cranium

A

Main organs mainly at head, allows organism to evaluate and respond to environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Gastrula:

A

cup shape, 2 or 3 layer formation of blastula folds into

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ectoderm:

A

outer tissue l ayer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Endoderm:

A

inner layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mesoderm:

A

third layer between ectoderm and endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Jellyfish have mesoderm:

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cycle of animal embryo:

A
  1. Blastula folds into gastrula where the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm (in some annimals) begin to form
  2. Formation of digestive tract
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Protostomes:

A

organisms where the blastospore is formed at the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Deuterostomes:

A

blastospore is formed at the anus first

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Coelom (SEAloam):

A

fluid filled body cavity that forms within the mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Animals that have coelom:

A

earthworms, snails, sea stars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Animals that have pseudocoelom:

A

roundworms, nermatodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pseudocoelom:

A

cavity lined partly with mesoderm and endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Flatworms lack a coelom (T/F):

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Incomplete digestive tract:

A

mouth takes in food and rejects waste

ex: cnidarians and flatworms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Gastrovascular cavity:

A

digestion occurs here, secretes digestive enzymes and distributes nutrients about the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where does digestion occur for organisms with an incomplete digestive tract:

A

gastrovascular cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Segmentation:

A

division of body into parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What phylum do sponges belong in?

A

Porifera (pore-bearers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How do sponges differ from the rest of the animal kingdom?

A

cells do not form tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Habitat of sponges?

A

Aquatic, marine and freshwater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Is a sponge’s body radially symmetrical or asymmetrical?

A

Both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Describe the body structure of sponges:

A
  1. Radially symmetrical or asymmetrical
  2. Hallow with pores
  3. Cells in a jelly like matrix
  4. collar cells line the inner surface
  5. Water moves into pores
  6. Amoebocytes (digest, distribute, and secrete)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

How do sponges feed?

A

Feed on microscopic particles through their pores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Support and movement of sponges:

A

support by protein fibers and sharp spicules, may remain anchored or move slowly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

7 characteristics of sponges:

A
  1. Organization: cellular
  2. Symmetry: assymetrical or radial
  3. Cephalization: absent
  4. Coelom: absent
  5. Digestive tract: absent
  6. Segmentation: absent
  7. Body structure: poures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

All sponges live in the marine habitat (T/F):

A

False, some live in freshwater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Phylum that contains stinning plants:

A

Cnidaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Cnidarians all share the ability to:

A

sting predators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Habitat of cnidarians:

A

aquatic, mostly marine but can be in fresh water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Characteristics of cnidarians body structure:

A
  1. Radially symmetrical
  2. One opening, mouth, surrounded by tentacles
  3. stalk holds tentacles upward in polyp
  4. tentacles dangle downward in medusa (jellyfish)
  5. Both body forms, mouth leads to gastrovascular cavity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

This body form of cnidarian has upward tentacles:

A

polyp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

This body form of cnidarian has downwoard tentacles:

A

medusa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Types of cnidarians:

A
  1. Sessile polyps

2. Hydras and jellyfishes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Cnidarians are herbivores (T/F):

A

False, carnivores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Tentacles of cnidarians that inject venom into victim:

A

cnidocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

7 Characteristics of Cnidarians:

A
  1. Tissue
  2. Radial symmetry
  3. No cephalization
  4. No coelom
  5. Incomplete digestion
  6. No segmentation
  7. Stinging cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Tunicates and lancelets have vertebrae (T/F):

A

False, no vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Sessile marine animals, bag with two siphons:

A

tunicates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

small, eyeless fish with translucent bodies

A

Lancelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Characteristics of hagfishes and lampreys:

A
  1. Long bodies with gills
  2. special sense organs near head
  3. Mouth lack jaws
  4. Cranium
49
Q

This organism looks like an eel:

A

hagfish

50
Q

Hagfish are vertebrates (T/F):

A

false

51
Q

Lampreys are vertebrates (T/F):

A

True

52
Q

Most diverse and abundant of vertebrates:

A

fish

53
Q

Two major groups of fishes:

A
  1. Carilaginous

2. Bony

54
Q

This type of fish has skeleton made of cartilage:

A

cartilaginous

55
Q

Example of cartilaginous fish:

A

sharks

56
Q

Sense organ that detects vibration nearby in water:

A

lateral line

57
Q

This group of fish encompass 96% of existing fish species:

A

bony

58
Q

Two classes of bony fish:

A
  1. Ray-finned

2. Lobe-finned

59
Q

Fan-shaped finned fish with thin tissue supported by rays of bone

A

Ray-finned fishes

60
Q

Bony fish with fleshy paired fins of bone and muscle

A

lobe-finned

61
Q

Fish have lungs, absent, and amnion (T/F):

A

False, except lungfish have lungs

62
Q

Meaning of amphibian:

A

double life

63
Q

How do amphibians help the ecosystem?

A

Control algae, insects, and disease

64
Q

3 lineages of amphibians:

A
  1. Frogs
  2. Salamanders/newts
  3. Caecilians
65
Q

Salamanders resemble lizards by having:

A

tail and four legs

66
Q

Caecilians are limbless and resemble giant earthworms (T/F):

A

True

67
Q

Amphibians are carnivores (T/F):

A

true

68
Q

The term reptile can be used to describe birds (T/F):

A

True

69
Q

What dominated life during the mesozoic era?

A

Reptiles

70
Q

Dinosaurs are NOT reptiles:

A

false

71
Q

Adaptations of reptiles that allow them to live on land:

A
  1. Tough scales
  2. Kidneys excrete small amounts of water to reduce water loss
  3. Internal fertilization and amniotic eggs
  4. Greater lung capacity
72
Q

Unique characteristic of nonavian reptiles:

A

ectothermic

73
Q

Nonavian reptiles:

A

Lizards, snakes, turtles, crocodilians

74
Q

What allows turtles to thrive?

A

Shell

75
Q

Birds, dinosaurs, and crocodilians belong to the reptilian group:

A

archosaurs

76
Q

Most familiar vertebrates:

A

mammals

77
Q

Structures that secrete milk in the female:

A

mammary glands

78
Q

What is hair composed of?

A

Keratin

79
Q

Two subclasses of mammals:

A
  1. Monotremes

2. Marsupials

80
Q

Characteristic of monotremes:

A

Lay eggs

81
Q

Characterstic of marsupials:

A

birth to immature young

82
Q

What are placental mammals?

A

young develop in female’s uterus

83
Q

What connects the maternal and fetal circulatory systems?

A

Placenta

84
Q

Animals called ____ have radial symmetry, gastrovascular cavity, and body composed of a layer of ectoderm and a layer of endoderm:

A

Cnidarians

85
Q

During the mesozoic era, most mammals were:

A

small

86
Q

Monotremes ___ while marsupials ___

A
  1. lay eggs

2. live bearing

87
Q

Manatees, whales, seals, and hippos are placental mammals (T/F)?

A

True

88
Q

Are lancelets and tunicates invertebrate chordates?

A

Yes

89
Q

Two subphyla of invertebrate chordates:

A
  1. Tunicates

2. Lancelets

90
Q

Characteristics of tunicates:

A
  1. Bag with two siphons
  2. Cilia pull water into one siphon
  3. Extracts oxygen, water, and food through other siphone
  4. Tunic covering protects the body
  5. Free-swimming tunicate larva has all four chordate characteristics
91
Q

Characteristics of lanceletes:

A
  1. small, eyeless, clear body
  2. shallow seas
  3. mouth extends to water
  4. feed by filtering food particles
  5. Display all four major characteristics of chordate
  6. bury lower bodies in sediment
  7. simple muscular system
92
Q

4 major characteristics of chordate:

A
  1. Notochord
  2. Dorsal, hallow nerve cord
  3. Pharyngeal slits
  4. Postanal tail
93
Q

Notochord:

A

flexible rod, extends across chordate’s back, may be replaced by backbone

94
Q

Dorsal, hallow nerve cord:

A

parallel to notochord, develops into spinal cord, enlarges at head, forms brain

95
Q

Pharyngeal slits:

A

puches in pharyx, musculur tube begins at back of mouth,

96
Q

Postanal tail:

A

muscular tail, past the anus

97
Q

What is cranium?

A

Catilage or bony rich case sur`rounding the head

98
Q

Characteristics of lampreys:

A
  1. cartilage around nerve cord
  2. vertebrates
  3. suckers
    4.
99
Q

Chordates that have jaws, vertebrae, gills, and fins are called:

A

fish

100
Q

Where can you find fish?

A

Frigid and salty waters, rivers, and lakes

101
Q

Characteristics of fish that affected vertebrate evolution:

A

segmented backbone, robust fins that evolved into limbs, jaws

102
Q

Charcteristics of cartilaginous fishes:

A

lateral line organ, gills, skeleton made of cartilage, jaws

103
Q

Types of cartilaginous fish:

A

skates, rays, sharks

104
Q

Are eels, tuna, or lungfish cartilaginous fish?

A

no

105
Q

What type of organ is the lateral line in fish?

A

Sensory

106
Q

What type of fish is most numerous among all fishes?

A

Bony

107
Q

2 classes of bony fish:

A

Lobe and ray finned

108
Q

Are lungfish and coelacanth ray finned fish?

A

No

109
Q

Type of fish with fleshy fins?

A

lobe finned

110
Q

Do amphibians need to keep their skin moist?

A

Yes

111
Q

Reasons why amphibians are tied to fresh water:

A

Gas exchange across skin, eggs without shells or protective membranes, larvae use gills for repiration

112
Q

Are lizards amphibians?

A

no

113
Q

Are newts and caecilians amphibian?

A

yes

114
Q

Groups of reptiles not involved during mesozoic era?

A

Terrestrial tortises and aquatic crocodiles

115
Q

Reptile production adaptions to dry conditions:

A
  1. amniotic egg

2. internal fertilization

116
Q

These types of animals rely on environmental temperature to maintain internal body temperature:

A

Ectothermic

117
Q

most nonavian reptiles are:

A

snakes and lizards

118
Q

Characteristics of turtles:

A
  1. Shell is integral part of skeleton
  2. both marine and freshwater species
  3. Originated in the trassic peiod

BIO 189 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions