Ch. 10: Inheritance

Question 1

What is the law of segregation? (monohybrid cross)

Answer 1

The nature that alleles in the same gene separate into different gametes. Ry seperates into R and y gametes

Question 2

What is a monohybrid cross?

Answer 2

Mating between two heterozygous individuals for the same gene.

Question 3

Phenotypic ratio of monohybrid cross?

Answer 3

3:1

Question 4

Genotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross?

Answer 4

1:2:1

Question 5

What is a punnet square?

Answer 5

Diagram to analyze the different allele combinations in offspring produced by two parent genotypes.

Question 6

Test cross

Answer 6

Mating between unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive individual

Question 7

What are “true breeding plants?”

Answer 7

Plants that, when self-fertilized, produce offspring with the same genotype as the the parent.

Question 8

What is a dihybrid cross?

Answer 8

Crossing of two heterozygous individuals of the same gene.

Question 9

Phenotypic ratio of a dihybrid cross?

Answer 9

9:3:3:1

Question 10

Law of independent assortment? (dihybrid cross)

Answer 10

Alleles of different genes separate into different gametes randomly.

Question 11

How do you properly prepare a punnet square for a dihybrid cross?

Answer 11

Take the different combinations of gamete formations for each individual and cross them in a 4x4 table.

Question 12

Linked genes

Answer 12

Genes transmitted on the same chromosome

Question 13

Describe one aspect of meiosis that supports Mendel’s law of independent assortment?

Answer 13

Alleles from different genes separate into gametes individually from each other during meiosis II

Question 14

Describe one aspect of meiosis that can deny Mendel’s law of independent assortment.

Answer 14

Crossing over of alleles and linkage groups.

Question 15

What is pleiotropy?

Answer 15

When one gene affects different phenotypes.

Question 16

Polygenic definition:

Answer 16

Phenotype is a result of different genes acting together

Question 17

How can you determine if a disease is autosomal or sex-linked based on a pedigree?

Answer 17

Autosomal diseases tend to affect every generation or every other generation. Sex-linked diseases tend to only affect males and females may be carriers.

Question 18

What happens when one gene depends on another gene to be expressed?

Answer 18

Epistasis