Ch 17 Flashcards
Autoimmune disease
Results when immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own tissues.
Examples- diabetes, graves diseases, arthritis
Immunodeficiency disorder
Develop when body cannot laugh or sustain an immune response. Primary are from birth. Secondary occur through infection or other stresses to the immune system.
Type 1 hypersensitivity
Effector- B cells Type of antigen- soluble Type of antibody- ige Time of reaction- immediate Skin reaction- wheal and flare Examples- hives, asthma, hay fever
Type 2 hypersensitivity cytotoxic
B cells Antigen- on cell surface Antibody- Igg, Igm Skin reaction- none Immune cells involved- nk cells Example- transfusion reaction
Type 3 hypersensitivity. Immune complex. Mediated
B cells Antigen- soluble Antibody- igg, igm Immune cells involved - phagocytes Skin reaction- arthus reaction Examples- serum sickness, farmers lung
Type 4 reaction
T cells Antigen- soluble or on cell surface Antibody- none Immune cells- dendritic cells Peaks 48-72 hours Skin reaction- inflammation Examples- tuberculin, tissue transplant rejection. Contact dermatitis.
Vaccine
A preparation of a pathogen or its products used to induce active immunity.
Attenuated vaccine
A weakened form of the pathogen that generally cannot cause disease. Strain replicates in the patient, causing an infection with undetectable or mild disease that results in long lasting immunity.
Mmr, chickenpox
Inactivated vaccine
Unable to replicate. Cannot cause infection but need booster shots to induce sufficient immunity.
Tdap vaccine, hep b, pneumococcal.
Immunoassay
An in vitro test that takes advantage of the specificity of antigen- antibody reactions to detect it quantify given antigens or antibodies in a sample.
Examples std test. Antibodies specific to the bacterium are added to the specimens. If antibodies attach to an organism than bacteria is present. In reverse, the fluid from patient can be tests for antibodies that bind specifically to bacteria. If antibodies are present, then the patients immune system must have responded to the microbe at some point:
Serum
The fluid portion that remains after blood clots
Precipitation reactions
When antibodies bind to soluble antigens, large Lattice like complexes may form that precipitate out of solution.
Fluorescent antibody tests
Used to locate fluorescently labeled antibodies bound to antigen. Used in clinical labs to diagnose rabies and syphilis
Enzyme- linked immunoabsorbant assay
Use to locate enzyme labeled antibodies bound to antigens. Pregnancy tests. Strep throat. Hiv. Hep b
Western blot
Used to detect labeled antibodies bound to proteins that have been separated by size. Time consuming but results more reliable that elisa
