CH 16 Psychological Treatment Flashcards
16.1 Describe who seeks psychological treatment
Reasons to seek treatment: stressful life circumstances, long-standing problems, chronic unhappiness, search for personal growth, referral by physician or court
16.1 What are the most common goals for psychological treatment
Common goals include reducing abnormal behavior by reducing maladaptive behavior, eliminating stressful environmental conditions, reducing negative affect, improving interpersonal competencies, resolving personal conflicts, modifying people’s inaccurate assumptions about themselves, and fostering a more positive self-image
16.2 Explain how the success of treatment is measured
The therapist’s impression of change, the client’s report, client’s family and friends. measures of change in specific behaviors, changes in scores pre and posttreatment on scales of relevant behaviors, treatment with controlled trials become evidence-based treatment
16.3 Describe some of the factors that must be considered to provide optimal treatment
- Is treatment evidence-based or empirically supported by efficacy studies
- Is medication appropriate
- Good therapeutic working alliance between client and therapist
16.4 Behavior therapy
Extensively used for many clinical problems
Treat behavior (phobias, actions, etc.)
Approaches include:
Exposure
Aversion
Modeling
Reinforcement
16.4 Cognitive/Cognitive-behavior therapy
Attempts to modify a person’s self-statements and construal of events in order to change his or her behavior
Used for a wide variety of problems from depression to anger control
16.4 Humanistic-experiential therapies
Focus on human freedom and responsibility to control one’s actions
Client-centered therapy - Carl Rogers, self-acceptance, the therapist listens and repeats back
Motivational interviewing - short-term, substance abuse and addiction, highly successful with Native Americans
16.4 Gestalt therapy
Means “whole”
Frederick Perls
Recognize bodily processes and increase integration of thoughts, feelings, and actions & promote self-awareness and acceptance
16.4 Classical psychoanalysis
Dates back to Freud and is rarely used today
Involves free association and dream analysis
16.4 Modern psychoanalysis / Psychodynamic treatment
Emphasizes interpersonal processes that are affected by early interactions with parents and other family members
16.5 Explain the roles that social values and culture play in psychological treatment
Minorities are underserved
Patients align more with therapists who share a background with them
16.6 Describe biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior
Medication is now common clinical practice
Antipsychotic medications
- atypical neuroleptics
- improve both + and - symptoms and
have few extrapyramidal symptoms
than first-gen antipsychotics
Antidepressants
- MAOIs and tricyclics have been
replaced by SSRIs and SNRIs
- No evidence that they are more
effective
- Influence serotonin and
norepinephrine
Anxiolytic medications - effect on GABA
Lithium - treats mania, no longer frequently prescribed
ECT - safe and effective treatment for depression and other disorders
Neurosurgery - last resort, can lead to permanent side effects
