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PSYCH 3331H Abnormal Psychology > CH 13 Schizophrenia and other Psychotic Disorders > Flashcards

CH 13 Schizophrenia and other Psychotic Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Hallucination

A

Sensory experience that seems real to the person having it, but occurs without any external perceptual stimulus

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2
Q

DSM Criteria

Schizophrenia

A

A. 2 or more present for significant time during 1-month period(at least 1 must be 1, 2, or 3)
* Delusions
* Hallucinations
* Disorganized speech
* Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
* Negative symptoms

B. Level of functioning in 1+ areas is markedly low

C. Continuous signs of disturbance persist for 6+ months

D-E. It’s not something else

F. If history of ASD/childhood communication disorder, schizophrenia is only diagnosed if prominent delusions or hallucinations are present

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3
Q

Delusion

A

Erroneous belief that is fixed and firmly held despite clear contradictory evidence

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4
Q

Disorganized speech

A

External manifestation of a disorder in thought form

Person fails to make sense

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5
Q

Disorganized behavior

A

Impairment in goal-directed activity and daily functioning

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6
Q

Catatonia

A

Virtual absence of all movement & speech

Catatonic stupor

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7
Q

Positive symptoms vs. Negative symptoms

A

P: excess or distortion in normal behavior/experience (eg. delusions and hallucinations)

N: abscence or deficit of normal behaviors

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8
Q

List Examples

Negative Symptoms

A

The absence of normal behavior:
* Alogia
* Avolition
* Anhedonia
* Flat or blunted affect

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9
Q

Define

Alogia

A

Absence of speech

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10
Q

Define

Avolition

A

The inibility to initiate or persist in goal directed behavior

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11
Q

DSM Criteria

Schizoaffective Disorder

A

A. Uninterrupted period of illness during which there is a major mood episode concurrent with Criterion A of schizophrenia

B. Delusions or hallucinations for 2+ weeks in absence of major mood episode during lifetime duration of illness

C. Symptoms that meet criteria for major mood episode are present for the majority of the total duration of the active and residual portions of the illness

D. Disturbance is not attributable to effects of a substance or other condition

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12
Q

DSM Criteria

Schizophreniform Disorder

A

A. 2+ of the following, each for a significant portion of time during 1+ month, at least 1 must be 1, 2, or 3
* Delusions
* Hallucinations
* Disorganized speech
* Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
* Negative symptoms

B. Episode of disorder lasts 1+ month, less than 6 months

C-D. Other disorders ruled out

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13
Q

DSM Criteria

Delusional Disorder

A

A. Presence of 1+ delusion for 1+ month

B. Schizophrenia criteria A not met

C. Apart from impact of delusion(s), functioning isn’t markedly impaired

D. Mood episodes (if occured) must be brief

E. Not attributable to other disorders

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14
Q

DSM Criteria

Brief Psychotic Disorder

A

A. Presence of 1+ of the following, 1 must be 1, 2, or 3
* Delusions
* Hallucinations
* Disorganized speech
* Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior

B. Duration of an episode is at least 1 day, less than 1 month, eventual full return to premorbid levels of functioning

C. Disturbance not better explained by other conditions

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15
Q

Neurotransmitters implicated in Schizophrenia

A

Dopamine & Glutamate

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16
Q
A
17
Q

Psychosis

A

Significant loss of contact with reality

18
Q

Risk factors for Schizophrenia

A

Age of father over 50, birth trauma, more severe/earlier onset in men

19
Q

List the psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech

20
Q

Command Hallucinations

A

Tell you what to do

21
Q

List examples of disorganized speech

A

Neologisms, loose associations, derailment, clanging, word salad

22
Q

Neologisms

A

Person uses words they made up (believes they are real/correct)

23
Q

Loose associations

A

Rapid jumps between topics

24
Q

Derailment

A

Jumps between topics without finishing them

25
Q

Clanging

A

Strings of rhythmic sounds or words

26
Q

Word salad

A

Speaking only in meaningless sounds or words

27
Q

Motor rigidity

A

Slow and rigid

28
Q

Waxy flexibility

A

Moldable like wax

29
Q

Catatonic stupor

A

Absence of speech and movement

30
Q

Purposeless excitement

A

Unusual excitatory movements

31
Q

Alogia

A

Absence of speech

32
Q

Differentiate between in 4 words or less

  1. Schizoaffective Disorder
  2. Schizophreniform Disorder
  3. Delusional Disorder
  4. Brief Psychotic Disorder
A
  1. Schizoaffective Disorder: Schizophrenia + Mood Disorder
  2. Schizophreniform Disorder: Gateway diagnosis
  3. Delusional Disorder: Delusions ONLY
  4. Brief Psychotic Disorder: Sudden, brief psychotic episode
33
Q

Describe

The influence of genetics on schizophrenia

A
  • More common in monozygotic twins
  • COMT impacts dopamine metabolism
  • DISC-1
  • Genome-wide association Studies
  • Hundreds of genes involved
34
Q

Describe

Prenatal risks for schizophrenia

A
  • Viral infection - 2nd trimester flu in mother
  • Mom’s BT is -, baby’s is +
  • Birth complications - hypoxia
  • Early nutritional deficiency
  • Maternal stress
35
Q

Describe

Structural & functional brain abnormalities associated with schizophrenia

A
  • Loss of volume
  • Hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus
  • Enlarged ventricles
  • White matter problems
  • Dysconnectivity
36
Q

Define

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

A
  • Fatal if untreated
  • High fever
  • Extreme muscle rigidity
  • Side effect of first-gen antipsychotics
37
Q

List examples

First-gen Antipsychotics

A
  • Thorazine
  • Haldol
38
Q

Define & Give an example

Extrapyramidal Side Effects

A
  • Involuntary or uncontrollable movements
  • Tremors
  • Muscle contractions
  • More common in first-gen antipsychotics
  • Tardive dyskenesia - involuntary repetitive body movements, which may include grimacing, sticking out the tongue or smacking the lips

PSYCH 3331H Abnormal Psychology (15 decks)

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