ch 15 Mendelian inheritance Flashcards
How does inheritance work?
Each parent contributes equally, causing more variation over time
Blending inheritance works how?
Think black and white bunnies who have grey offspring who mate with white offspring and eventually turn white again. This decrease variation and is a wrong process.
What are true breeding traits?
Homozygous traits that are observed and present for many generations.
Dominant alleles
The capital letter, but more important the trait that takes concern over the other and shows
Recessive alleles
The lowercase letter that If combined with a dominant will not show
Heterozygous
Have dominant and recessive (Aa)
Homozygous
Two recessive alleles or two dominant alleles (AA) or (aa)
Is it possible to have same phenotype but different genotype?
Yes
Is it possible to have same genotype but different phenotype?
Yes
What is a gene?
a sequence in a DNA molecule that is on a specific site on a chromosome
What are test crosses?
The pea plant crosses Mendel used to if an individual was homozygous or heterozygous for a trait by crossing it with a homozygous recessive.
What are the genotypes in independent assortment?
AB,ab,Ab,aB
What are the genotypes if linked?
only AB or ab
How to find probability of events happening TOGETHER?
multiply probabilities of individual events
How to find the probability of events happening in two different ways?
add the individual probabilities
What is Epistasis?
The phenotypic expression of one gene is influenced by another gene.
For example the color of chickens is dominant but if they have a certain gene it basically overshadows the others Cccc like have the two recessive cc
Pedigree
have male and female crosses while showing if the parent or offspring show a trait. they show reported ancestory
What happens in a pedigree if the trait is dominant?
It appears in every generation
What happens in a pedigree if the trait is recessive?
It will often skip generations, not always affect parents or every generation, and is mostly common in family mating
Incomplete dominance
inherit both like being heterozygous for a trait
What is codominance?
Two alleles that produce phenotypes that are both present like AB blood type
What is penetrance?
proportion of individuals with a certain genotype that show the expected phenotype.
What is Variable Expressivity?
The degree to which the genotype can be expressed in an individual.
