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Biology 2170 > Ch 10 Cell form and function > Flashcards

Ch 10 Cell form and function Flashcards

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1
Q

Why are kinases important players in signaling pathways?

A

They phosphorylate other proteins

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2
Q

Why is phosphorylation important?

A

they induce a change in protein structure, regulating protein activity by turning it on or off

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3
Q

What are the three components of the cytoskeleton?

A

Microfilaments, Intermediate filaments, and Microtubules.

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4
Q

What does the cytoskeleton function in?

A

cell shape, movement, transport, division, and contraction.

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5
Q

Basic info on Microtubules

A
  1. Made of tubulin
  2. Act as tracks for motor proteins
  3. make cilia and flagella
  4. maintain shape and structure
  5. “9+2” array
  6. are what centrioles are made of
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6
Q

Microfilaments

A
  1. Made of Actin
  2. Cell movement/ shape
  3. in cytoplasm
  4. Needed for cell to split
  5. Act with myosin for transport
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7
Q

Intermediate filaments

A

1.Made mostly of Keratin
2. coiled into thick cables
3. attach to cell junctions
4. hold skin together

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8
Q

What two components are dynamic

A

Microtubules and Microfilaments

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9
Q

What are the two types of motor proteins?

A

dyenin- moves cargo toward negative end
Kinesin- moves cargo towards the plus end

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10
Q

What are cell junctions?

A

specialized structures in the plasma membrane where cells adhere to other cells and the ECM

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11
Q

What is Caherin adhesion

A

Cell to cell

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12
Q

What is integrin adhesion

A

Cell to ECM

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13
Q

Adheren Juction

A

Connect cells to cells all the way around through cadherins and anchored to actin microfilaments

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14
Q

Desmosomes

A

Connect cells to cells by cadherins and Intermediate filaments

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15
Q

Tight Junctions

A

Connect Cells to Cells with no movement of materials. The junctions connect to actin filaments

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16
Q

Hemidesmosome

A

Hold cells to the ECM by intigrins adhering to the basal lamina and connecting to intermediate filaments

17
Q

Gap Junction

A

Cell to Cell communication that allows small materials.

18
Q

Plasmodesmata

A

Large openings in plant cells that allow for large materials

19
Q

What are the components of the ECM in a plant cell?

A

Pectin, cellulose, and Lignin that provide structure

20
Q

What are the components of the ECM in Animal Cells?

A

Collagen, fibronectin, laminin, and elastin that are fibrous proteins. They give tensile and comprehensive strength.

21
Q

Where is ECM found in abundance?

A

Connective tissues

22
Q

What are the functions of the ECM?

A

connect and support

23
Q

What is the Basal Lamina?

A

Beneath the epithelial tissue that is the foundation and what intigrins attach to

Biology 2170 (10 decks)

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