Ch 11 Cell Division

Question 1

What is cell division in Prokaryotes called?

Answer 1

Binary Fission

Question 2

Where do cells spend most of their life

Answer 2

Interphase

Question 3

What are the three phase of Interphase

Answer 3

G1- growth
S Phase- DNA replication
G2- Groth

Question 4

S phase DNA replication turns homologous chromosomes into?

Answer 4

Homologous chromosomes with sister chromatids

Question 5

What are the five phase of Mitosis and what happens during each?

Answer 5

1. Prophase- Chromosomes compact, coil, and become visible, centrosomes make spindles, kite chores are made
2. Prometaphase- the nuclear envelope breaks down and spindles attach to the kinetochores of the centromeres
3. metaphase- Chromosomes line up inn the middle of the cell
4. Anaphase- Spindles retract and pull apart chromosomes drawing then to opposite poles
   5 Telophase/cytokinesis- chromosomes finish moving and uncoil, spindles break down, and nuclear envelope is reformed

Question 6

To fully split the cells in cytokinesis a ring made of what is needed?

Answer 6

Actin ring that pinches them off

Question 7

What is Meiosis?

Answer 7

Production of sexual gametes

Question 8

Gametes contain how many chromosomes?

Answer 8

23 they are haploid until they fuse during reproduction

Question 9

What is a synapsis?

Answer 9

Precise alignment of 2 Homologous chromosomes

Question 10

How many stages in meiosis?

Answer 10

Two stages Meiosis 1 and Meiosis 2

Question 11

What is the difference between Mitosis and Meiosis?

Answer 11

Meiosis has two stages, produces haploid gametes, and In stage 1 homologous chromosomes separate then in meiosis 2 is when the sister schematics separate, in addition meiosis has crossing over that creates variation so none are identical

Question 12

Haploid Vs Diploid

Answer 12

Haploid is gametes that have 23 chromosomes
Diploid is somatic cells who ave 48

Question 13

What is nondisjunction?

Answer 13

Extra or missing chromosomes

Question 14

What are the three cell cycle checkpoints and where are they?

Answer 14

After G1 and it checks for DNA Damage
After G2 and it checks DNA Replication
Before M phase and checks for spindle assembly

Question 15

What is a CDK?

Answer 15

A cyclin dependent kinase

Question 16

How does a CDK work?

Answer 16

When the cyclin binds to the CDK it is the key and phosphorylates target proteins that promote cell division.

Question 17

What happens to P53 that it acts like a tumor suppressor

Answer 17

When it becomes phosphorylated it acts as a Transcription Factor that Inhibits the Cell Cycle.

Question 18

What are oncogenes?

Answer 18

The mutated form of a proto-oncogene that promotes cancer

Question 19

What is a tumor suppressor?

Answer 19

Proteins whose normal job is to inhibit the cell cycle when something goes wrong

Question 20

How do Oncogenes and tumor suppressor work together to promote cancer when mutated?

Answer 20

Oncogenes are activated as Tumor Suppressors are Inactivated

Question 21

What is apoptosis?

Answer 21

cell programmed death where cells are cut up into blebs and ingested by surrounding cells

Question 22

What is necrosis?

Answer 22

When a cell is damaged or starved it Burts causing inflammation