Ch 15 Flashcards
NPO guideline: clear liquids: water, fruit juices without pulp, carbonated beverages, clear tea, black coffee. How many hours?
2 hours
NPO guidelines: breast milk
How many hours?
4 hours *NOTE: infant formula NPO guideline is 6 hours
NPO guidelines: Infant formula
How many hours?
6 hours
NPO guidelines: Nonhuman milk: because nonhuman milk is similar to solids in gastric empyting time, the amount ingested must be considered when determining an appropriate fasting period
How many hours?
6 hours
NPO guidelines: Light meal typically consists of toast and clear liquids. Meals that include fried or fatty foods or meat may prolong gastric emptying time. Both the amount and type of foods ingested must be considered when determining an appropriate fasting period
How many hours?
6 hours
T/F: NPO guidelines for 6-36 month olds are different than 36+ month olds.
True Under 3: Clear liquids-2 hours, breast milk-4 hours, formula/milk/solids-6 hours Over 3: Clear liquids-2 hours, solids-8 hours
Breast milk NPO guidelines for 6-36 months old?
4 hours
Breastfeeding greater than or equal to _____ times daily after 12 months of age is associated with increased risk for ECC. Ad libitum breasfeeding after introduction of other dietary carbohydrates and inadequate oral hygiene are risk factors for ECC
7 times
Presence of 1 more more decayed (non-cavitated or cavitated), missing or filled tooth surface in a child < what age is ECC?
71 months (6 years)
Patient weighs 30 kg. What is the 4-2-1 rule for lactated ringer for the patient?
70 ml/hr
Patient weighs 25 kg. What is the maintenance fluid calculation for his patient (ml/hr)?
65 ml/hr
Low-grade fever is common after GA. What should be prescribed to patient?
Acetaminophen. x>38.5C possible dehydration
Anaphylaxis: what cells are involved
mast cells, basophils
What is the prevalence of cleft lip and palate
1:700 births
If cellulitis is diffuse and non-localized, is incision & drainage indicated?
No
What agents are responsible for the rapid spread of infection seen in patients with cellulitis?
Fibrinolysins and hyaluronic acid
Odontoma is caused by the abnormal proliferation of what cells?
Cells of the enamel organ. The presence of an odontoma should alert the practitioner to inquire about the concurrent presence of dysphagia or a family history of dysphagia that is perhaps due to hypertrophy of the smooth muscles of the esophagus as a part of the rare autosomal dominant odontoma-dysphagia syndrome
Odontomas are associated with hypertrophy of the smooth muscles of what body part?
Esophagus; autosomal dominant odontoma-dysphagia syndrome
What is the union of two independently developing primary or permanent teeth? (separate pulp chambers and separate pulp canals)
Fusion. usually anterior teeth are associated with fusion, may show a familial tendency. Fusion will show separate pulp chambers and separate pulp canals. occurs during proliferation
T/F: A frequent finding in fusion of primary teeth is the congenital absence of one of the corresponding permanent teeth
True
A geminated tooth represents an attempted division of a single tooth germ by invagination occuring during what stage of development
Proliferation
A lingual invagination of the enamel. what is this called?
Dens in dente
occurs during morphodifferentiation
Dens in dente is most often seen in what tooth?
the permanent maxillary lateral incisors
