Ch 15

Question 1

NPO guideline: clear liquids: water, fruit juices without pulp, carbonated beverages, clear tea, black coffee. How many hours?

Answer 1

2 hours

Question 2

NPO guidelines: breast milk

How many hours?

Answer 2

4 hours *NOTE: infant formula NPO guideline is 6 hours

Question 3

NPO guidelines: Infant formula

How many hours?

Answer 3

6 hours

Question 4

NPO guidelines: Nonhuman milk: because nonhuman milk is similar to solids in gastric empyting time, the amount ingested must be considered when determining an appropriate fasting period
How many hours?

Answer 4

6 hours

Question 5

NPO guidelines: Light meal typically consists of toast and clear liquids. Meals that include fried or fatty foods or meat may prolong gastric emptying time. Both the amount and type of foods ingested must be considered when determining an appropriate fasting period
How many hours?

Answer 5

6 hours

Question 6

T/F: NPO guidelines for 6-36 month olds are different than 36+ month olds.

Answer 6

True
Under 3:
Clear liquids-2 hours, breast milk-4 hours, formula/milk/solids-6 hours
Over 3:
Clear liquids-2 hours, solids-8 hours

Question 7

Breast milk NPO guidelines for 6-36 months old?

Answer 7

4 hours

Question 8

Breastfeeding greater than or equal to _____ times daily after 12 months of age is associated with increased risk for ECC. Ad libitum breasfeeding after introduction of other dietary carbohydrates and inadequate oral hygiene are risk factors for ECC

Answer 8

7 times

Question 9

Presence of 1 more more decayed (non-cavitated or cavitated), missing or filled tooth surface in a child < what age is ECC?

Answer 9

71 months (6 years)

Question 10

Patient weighs 30 kg. What is the 4-2-1 rule for lactated ringer for the patient?

Answer 10

70 ml/hr

Question 11

Patient weighs 25 kg. What is the maintenance fluid calculation for his patient (ml/hr)?

Answer 11

65 ml/hr

Question 12

Low-grade fever is common after GA. What should be prescribed to patient?

Answer 12

Acetaminophen. x>38.5C possible dehydration

Question 13

Anaphylaxis: what cells are involved

Answer 13

mast cells, basophils

Question 14

What is the prevalence of cleft lip and palate

Answer 14

1:700 births

Question 15

If cellulitis is diffuse and non-localized, is incision & drainage indicated?

Answer 15

No

Question 16

What agents are responsible for the rapid spread of infection seen in patients with cellulitis?

Answer 16

Fibrinolysins and hyaluronic acid

Question 17

Odontoma is caused by the abnormal proliferation of what cells?

Answer 17

Cells of the enamel organ. The presence of an odontoma should alert the practitioner to inquire about the concurrent presence of dysphagia or a family history of dysphagia that is perhaps due to hypertrophy of the smooth muscles of the esophagus as a part of the rare autosomal dominant odontoma-dysphagia syndrome

Question 18

Odontomas are associated with hypertrophy of the smooth muscles of what body part?

Answer 18

Esophagus; autosomal dominant odontoma-dysphagia syndrome

Question 19

What is the union of two independently developing primary or permanent teeth? (separate pulp chambers and separate pulp canals)

Answer 19

Fusion. usually anterior teeth are associated with fusion, may show a familial tendency. Fusion will show separate pulp chambers and separate pulp canals. occurs during proliferation

Question 20

T/F: A frequent finding in fusion of primary teeth is the congenital absence of one of the corresponding permanent teeth

Answer 20

True

Question 21

A geminated tooth represents an attempted division of a single tooth germ by invagination occuring during what stage of development

Answer 21

Proliferation

Question 22

A lingual invagination of the enamel. what is this called?

Answer 22

Dens in dente

occurs during morphodifferentiation

Question 23

Dens in dente is most often seen in what tooth?

Answer 23

the permanent maxillary lateral incisors