CH 14 Hair, Face, Neck, Lymphatics

Question 1

Cranial Nerves (number, name, function)

Answer 1

CN I (olfactory) – sense of smell
CN II (optic) – vision
CN III (oculomotor) – eye muscle movement; pupil reflexes
CN IV (trochlear) – eye muscle movement
CN V (trigeminal) – facial sensation
CN VI (abducens) – eye muscle movement
CN VII (facial) – facial expression/movement
CN VIII (vestibulocochlear) – hearing and balance
CN XI (accessory) – movement of neck muscles (trapezius and sternomastoid)
CN XII (hypoglossal) – movement of tongue for swallowing

Question 2

Structure + Function of Head/Face

Answer 2

Skull - protection of brain
Meninges - absorb shock to prevent trauma
Cranial bones - frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

Cranial sutures

• coronal: joins frontal and both parietal bones
• sagittal: joins both parietal bones
• lamboid: joins occipital with both parietal bones

Salivary Glands

• moisturize mouth
• aid in swallowing and digestion of food
• protect teeth from bacteria

Question 3

Structure + Function of Neck

Answer 3

Neck - serves as conduit/passageway for

• blood vessels
• muscles + nerves
• lymphatics

Thyroid - largest endocrine organ

• two lobes join at isthmus
• thyroid cartilage (“Adam’s apple)
• synthesize T3-T4 hormones

Question 4

Structure + Function of Lymphatics

Answer 4

Greatest supply for body’s lymph nodes is in the head and neck.
- all eventually drain into deep cervical chain

Lymphatic system - detect and eliminate foreign substance sense (filter lymph an engulf pathogens)

Question 5

Developmental Considerations for Head, Neck, Lymphatic

Answer 5

Infant

• cranial bones separated by sutures
• sutures and fontanels (soft spots) permit brain growth

Adolescence
- enlargement of thyroid cartilage

Pregnant Women
- thyroid gland enlarges (increased vascularity)

Aging Adult
- decrease elasticity and subq fat makes bones look more prominent

Question 6

Collecting Objective Data: Head/Neck (inspection? lymph node? thyroid? CN?)

Answer 6

Inspect and Palpate

• symmetry
• ROM
• trachea (palpate for midline positioning)

Lymph Nodes

• normal: should feel soft movable, and non-tender
• abnormal: note location, size/shape, mobility, consistency (hard/firm), and tenderness
  - EX. lymphadenopathy: 1cm lymph node enlargement

Thyroid Gland
- difficult to palpate (anterior/posterior assessment)
- if you cannot feel, that should be a good sign
because it means that there is no enlargement

CN XI (Spinal Accessory)
- inspect trapezius and sternomastoid muscle for
equal size and bilateral movement by holding down
their shoulder and asking them to lift up