Ch 14 Flashcards
germans
moved midwest; especially to milwaukee and wisconsin; few moved to texas; moved to w to grow oats; moved to milwaukee - catholic belief; texas - land was sold to immigrants
irish
moved to new england, cities by ports, big cities (ny, boston); had little saving, most lived in port cities bc that is where their boats were docked, potato famine affected ireland
scandinavians
moved midwest region of us, minnesota, wisconsin; settled bc felt like home, lakes, forests, and cold winters
push factors (send out of country)
population growth
agricultural changes
crop failures
industrial revolution
pull factors
freedom
economic opportunity
abundant land
margaret fuller
new england transcendentalist; had magazine called The Dial; book called Woman in the Nineteenth century; argued for womens rights
ralph waldo emerson
urged americans to cast off European influence and develop their own belief; transcendentalist
walt whitman
published “Leaves of Grass” a book that changed american poetry; his bold unrhymed poems praised ordinary people broke w/tradition
herman melville
wrote thrilling novels about his experience as a sailor; 1851 - wrote Moby Dick
henry david thoreau
ralph waldo emerson’s student; believed in civil disobedience; transcendentalist
edgar allan poe
wrote terrifying tales that influence today’s horror story writers; wrote 1st detective story (“The Murders in Rue Morgue”)
nathaniel hawthorne
wrote The Scarlet Letter
dorothea dix
plead with Massachusetts Legislature to improve care of mentally ill; travelled all over US on behalf of mentally ill; her efforts led to the building of 32 new hospitals
horace mann
head of 1st state board of education
susan b anthony
built womens movement into national organization
angelina grimke
southerner that moved north and led abolitionist groups
frederick douglass
spoke from his own experience of slavery; lecturer for massachusetts anti-slavery society; 1845 - published an autobiography that vividly narrated his experiences
harriet tubman
conductor (person who led runaways to freedom) who made 19 dangerous journeys on the underground railroad to free slaves; she escaped slavery; had bounty of $40,000
william garrison
published an abolitionist newspaper called The Liberator; many people hated his views; 1834 - an angry mob dragged him to park to hang him; mayor saved him
sojourner truth
born as a slave and ran away from her owners to the Quaker family, who set her free; they helped her win the court battle to get her son back; spoke for abolition and drew in huge crowds
david walker
free african american in boston; printed pamphlet “Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World”
elizabeth stanton
abolitionist; attended anti-slavery convention in london-wasn’t allowed in; demanded equality for women; held seneca falls convention
sarah hale
editor of Ladies Magazine; believed women belonged in family ties (home)
steerage
cheapest deck on ship to ride on
penny papers
1830s - cheaper newsprint and invention of steam driven press lowered price of newspapers to a penny
seneca falls convention
elizabeth stanton and lucretia mott held it; for womens rights; in seneca falls, ny, on July 19-20, 1848
nativists
native born american who wanted to eliminate foreign influences
transcendentalist
taught that spiritual world is more important than physical world
know nothing party
started by nativists; wanted to ban catholics, would not allow foreign born to hold office, cut immigration to 21 yr wait to become US citizen
labor union
group of workers who band together to seek better working conditions
second great awakening
acted as a form of motivation to make things better in america
underground railroad
an aboveground series of escape routes from south to north
Washington Irving
Irving wrote some of the first stories to describe America
asher durand
was a founder of the Hudson River school of painting. His best-known work, Kindred Spirits, was painted in 1849.
thomas gallaudet
started the first American school for deaf children in 1817
utopian examples
New Harmony, Indiana, and Brook Farm, Massachusetts
Samuel G. Howe
founded the Perkins School for the Blind in Boston in the 1830s.
emigrants
people who leave a country
immigrants
people who settle in a new country
education
In the 1830s, Americans also began to demand better schools. In 1837, Massachusetts set up the first state board of education in the United States. By 1850, many Northern states had opened public elementary schools.
