ch 14 Flashcards
energy needs during 2nd trimester
340 extra calories
iron roles
Increased RBC development
Body increases absorption 3-fold and conserves more
Supplying baby’s iron stores for the first 4-6 months after birth
Supplement reccomended
energy needs during 3rd trimester
452 extra calories
how much extra protein?
15 g/day
how much folate supplement recommended?
400 MCG
FOLATE IS KEY FOR WHAT?
Key in preventing neural tube defects like spine bifida
what other minerals are reccomended/important for pregnancy? (must get more of?)
zinc and iodine
underweight pregnancy weight gain rec
28-40 pounds
is an iron supplement recommended?
yes
overweight pregnancy weight gain rec
15-25 pounds
healthy pregnancy weight gain rec
25-35 pounds
obese pregnancy weight gain rec
11-25 pounds
BMI calculation
weight (pounds) times 703 / height (in^2)
too little of weight gain risks
Higher risk for low birthweight baby (less than 5.5 pds)
Higher risk for premature birth, lower iron stores
Higher mortality and risks of health problems in first year
too much weight gain risks
Higher risk for high birth weight baby (more than 8.8 pds), delivery complications
Mother: gestational diabetes, preeclampsia for mother: BP high
Higher risk for birth defects and childhood obesity
how to manage nausea:
Easy bland foods
Small frequent meals
Avoid strong smelling foods
Ginger, B6
how to manage heartburn
Eat slowly, chew food well
Small frequent meals
Liquids between meals
Avoid spicy or greasy foods
Sit up before eating
how to manage constipation
Eat a diet high in fiber with more fruits and vegetables
Exercise
Lots of liquids
factors that influence breast milk
Supply responds to infant’s demands
Quantity suffers before quality
If mom’s calories are restricted amount of milk produced will drop before the composition of milk is affected
Kind of milk produced changes over time
Colostrum the first few days is especially high in antibodies
Flavors in mom’s diet can carry over
infant breastfeeding benefits:
Optimum nutrition
Reduced risk of infections and illnesses due to mother’s antibodies
Fewer allergies and food intolerances
Reduced risk of chronic disease
mother breastfeeding benefits:
Faster return to pre-preg weight
Psychological bonding
Delays ovulation
Reduced risk for type 2 diabetes, hypertension, breast and ovarian cancers
Decreased depression
Far less expensive
how long to breastfeed?
Exclusively breastfeed for about 6 months and 12 months along with other foods
alternative to breastfeeding:
Commercial infant formula is the alternative
NOT cow’s milk, soymilk, etc. before age 1
what milk should you not drink and before what age?
cow’s milk, soy milk, etc before age 1
