exam 2 Flashcards
ALA converts to _ or _ what percent of the time
DHA, EPA 9-20%
hydrogenation
add H (trans fat); destroys some fatty acids
phospholipids examples
egg yolk, soy beans, peanuts
chylomicrons release
triglycerides into bloodstream (dietary fats)
Vit _ needs fat for absorption
D
sodium less than
2300 mg
Methods to assess body comp:
skinfold, dexa, underwater weighing, bod pod, bioelectrical impedance
BMI calculation
lbs/in2
dipeptide
2 amino acids
deamination
nitrogen removed and converted to urea; remnants are carbs or fat
vegan
no animal products
vegetarian
no meat and sometimes eggs (lacto)
PCM
not enough protein (2 of them)
complete protein=
lysine+ methonine
dehydration synthesis
bonds proteins
how much protein a serving
20 g protein/serving
insulin
small protein
is there a protein UL? Why?
no because not enough evidence
transanimated
amino acid converted to a nonessential amino acid
trypsin enzyme comes from where and splits what
pancreas; polypeptides into triple and dipeptides
protein quality
amount of aa our body needs, not the food quality
must eat complementary proteins
same meal or day
nutrigenetics
same diet, dif response, genes cause diet
nutrigenomics
diet causes dif genome response (physical/outward)
fats roles
nerve impulse transmutation, nutrient transport, hormone synthesis, cell membrane
fatty acid
string of carbons (methyl and acid group)
where was cholesterol produced and what is it’s role?
produced by liver, used for hormones, bile acids, and vitamin D
what do phospholipids consist of?
glycerol+2 fatty acids+phosphate
chylomicron
brings dietary fat from SI to cells
elevated triglycerides and LDL causes
CVD
polyunsaturated fats include
fatty fish, plant oils, nuts
transcription
DNA copy to mRNA
translation
mRNA determines all (ribosomes)
although only 9 are essential, are all amino acids important for protein synthesis?
YES
protein roles
acid base balance, blood clot, fluid, hormones
follow ____ for protein
AMDR
quality proteins
quinoa and soy
moderate quality proteins
legumes
tortillas + beans
combining proteins
pita + hummus
combining proteins
bread + pb
combining proteins
tips to gain weight
more snacks and add interest other than food
rice + lentils
combining proteins
tips to loose weight
smaller portions less often
malnutrition causes
impaired brain and kidney function
glycerol is a part of the _ structure
fat
phosphate is part of the _ structure
fat
fats branch off into
sterol, phospholipids, triglycerides
triglycerides branch off into
glycerol and fatty acids
fatty acids breaks down into
sat and unsat
unsat breaks down into
monounsaturated and polyunsaturated
polyunsaturated breaks down into
omega 3 and omega 6
sterol breaks down into
cholesterol
why is it called an amino acid?
amino group and acid group (carboxyl)
carboxyl is part of
protein structure
acid group is part of
protein structure
the side chain R is unique to
each amino acid
where secreters lipase
salivary glands, stomach, pancreas
4 lipoproteins
HDL, chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL
Edema
swelling bc fluid enters tissue when protein falls
trypsin is from
pancreas
too much protein harms
impairs absorption of other nutrients
3 ways to assess weight
BMI, BF, wasit circumference
when does mRNA leave the nucleus and go to a ribosome
between transcription and translation; step 3
trypsin splits
polypeptides
which protein is the most simple
hydrogen filled (H)
first step in atherosclerosis
injury to artery wall from INFLAMMATION
- injury to artery wall
- minerals and platelets and oxidized ldl form plaque
- foam cells form a fatty streak and calcify
- narrowed arteries are risks for clots
READ CLOSELY; atherosclerosis
cross over studies have their own _
controls (before and after comparison)
mono unsat examples
peanut butter, olive oil, canola oil
fish are high in _
mercury
highest in mercury:
shark, swordfish, king macketer, tilefish
menopause affects both _ and _ levels in women
calcium and iron
