lecture 1/29 Flashcards
phospholipids
a double layer of this lines the cell membranes; unique type of lipid that has a water soluble head and fat soluble tail
enzymes role
regulate chemical reactions
cytoplasm
combination of fluid material and organelles within the cell
mitochondria
powerhouse of cell; uses chemical energy to turn foods to energy
nucleus
dna - chromosomes - gene
oils examples
Veggie oils, soybean, canola oil, Fatty fish, avocado, olives, nuts, oil-based salad dressing, tub margarine, mayo
solid fats examples
cream cheese, sour cream, shortening, stick margarine, and butter (solid fats to limit)
are oils a food group?
Oils are not a food group as they’re usually components or ingredients of food
what do oils provide?
Still provide essential fats and vitamin e
canola oil vs coconut oil
coconut oil has WAY more sat fat
categorize 75% lean meat
protein but also a food to limit because of fat
AMDR
a set of healthy ranges for carbs, protein, fat
DRI examples
RDA and AI
process of digestion, absorption, transportation, and storage of nutrients
digestion
where is DNA stored
nucleus
Organs food passes through
mouth, esophagus, stomach, SI, LI, rectum/anus
Organs food does not pass through but play a role
liver, gallbladder, pancreas
what type of digestion occurs in Esophagus?
mechanical (peristalsis)
what type of digestion occurs in the stomach?
Stomach
Enzymes start to break down protein (chem)
Mucus protects it from high acitdity
Muscles contract to mix chyme and liquid mass(mech)
What is the major site of digestion?
SI
what do villi do?
secrete enzymes and increase surface area
produces bile to breakdown fat in SI; excess carb is glycogen
liver
stores bile
gall bladder
synthesizes bicarbonate and enzymes to break down macros in SI (chem), produces insulin/glucagon for glucose regulation
pancreas
bile
Breaks down large fat globules into smaller chunks to be digested
Hydrophilic and hydrophobic ends
Produced by the liver
Stored in the gallbladder
LI/colon
Water is absorbed
Bacteria break down fiber and release gas and fatty acids
where is feces stored?
rectum
kidney role
filter blood
where is urine stored?
bladder
where is mucus thickest?
stomach
where are enzymes secreted?
Secreted in mouth, stomach, SI
mouth secretes:
saliva, mucus enzymes; carbs absorbed
stomach secretes:
ACID thickest saliva, enzymes; protein begins
pancreas secretes:
bicarbonate, hormones, enzymes; breaks down all macros
liver secretes:
bile; helps digest fat
MAIN SITE of digestion and absorption:
SI
SI secretes:
enzymes, hormones, bicarbonate; digest all macros
LI secretes:
bile; mucus, bacteria; water absorbed and some fiber through the bacteria
what can be absorbed in protein
amino acids
what can be absorbed in carbs
simple sugars
what can be absorbed in lipids
fatty acids, glycerol, cholesterol
what are absorbed without further breakdown
Vitamins, minerals, and water
